Dance Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dance Critique - Essay Example They exhibited a high degree of professionalism and this could clearly be seen in the techniques used by them. On the technical side, the design and lighting of stage was quite apt and set the right mood for the show. The costumes of the dancers complemented each other with the main duo wearing a color that contrasted well with the color worn by the rest of the group. The title of the piece is the introduction to the ‘Allegro Brillante’ which opens with a brief meeting of the two main dancers in a stylistic entry. The stage seemed a bit small and restricted but the dancers did not seem to show it. The rest of the dance was an interweaving of the whole group, alternating between the girls and the boys and finally ends with a flourish as they dance gracefully with their partners with nimble footwork. All the dancers exuded high energy as they flitted, jumped, twirled or tiptoed with nimble and graceful steps. The music too was very apt and effective as it had the same energy exhibited by the performers. The costumes suited the high energy on stage and were not only modest but lent itself to the flow of music and dance. The dancers were well trained and this could be clearly seen in the techniques used by them which looked graceful and appealing. The aesthetic ability of all the performers was brought out through their facial expressions that portrayed the emotions embedded in the piece. The background of the stage was a dull blue with a single dull spotlight that was flashed on the center of the backdrop. The stage area was well lit with soft white lights that accentuated the costumes and movements of the dancers. The second piece I choose to critique in the ‘Allegro Brillante’ is the solo performance by Maria Tallchief. The choreographing for this piece was highly technical with a lot of twists and twirls by the dancer whose body language was so graceful as it was ethereal. The dancer had enough space to move around with great flourish and was not

Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Analysis Essay Example for Free

Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Analysis Essay Introduction In the novel Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen identifies the key components of successful marriage – love, tolerance, affection and financial stability. The whole novel is written to underline the importance of marriage which shouldn’t be based on social status, wealth or affection of the youth. For her time the author was very radical as she strongly defended marriage for love, whereas in those times it was prestigious to marry for financial stability and social status. Through her characters – Elizabeth, Mrs. Bennet and Mr. Darcy – she shows the right and wrong attitudes towards the ideal marriage. Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy represent true love and true relationships, whereas Mrs. Bennet is motivated only by wealth when she decides to get her beloved daughters married. Through characters Austen makes readers believe that love and happiness can’t be bought. Character Analysis Mrs. Bennet is characterized as a miraculously tiresome character. Moreover, she is frivolous and too foolish. Mrs. Bennet is an irritating woman who becomes obsessed with idea to get her daughters married simply to improve her financial stability and social status as after her husband’s death she has been refused certain social entertainments. She cares for nothing in the world except money. Austen is willing to show that Mrs. Bennet does lack sense of virtue and property, and, what is more awful, she is not interested in intellectual and emotional education of her five daughters. Mrs. Bennet affects the attitudes of her younger daughters – Lydia and Charlotte Lucas – towards marriage. Mrs. Bennet is very pleased when Lydia gets married to an officer and she never reproaches her for shameful behavior. However, she can’t be blame as she was married only for beautiful appearance and she didn’t see another life. I think the author introduces Mrs. Bennet to highlight the necessity of marriage for young ladies. In contrast to Mrs. Bennet the author introduces the character of Elizabeth to show true virtues and necessity of love and happiness. Elizabeth is the most quick-witted and intelligent. Moreover, Elizabeth is clever, lovely and brilliant. Her positive character traits enable her to rise above shameful conduct of her mother and sisters. Elizabeth is strong enough to overcome all difficulties and to get married for love, not for financial stability or higher social status. Elizabeth is entailed with sharp tongue and ability for hasty judgments. She is the only character who manages to make Darcy love her for personality and who overcomes the power of prejudice: â€Å"My feelings will not be repressed. You must allow me to tell you how ardently I admire and love you†. (p.35) We see that Elizabeth has pride in her abilities to express herself and to perceive the truth. Mr. Darcy is one more positive character in the novel who overcomes prejudice and finds his true love – Elizabeth. Mr. Darcy is a wealthy aristocrat being extremely conscious of class differences.   Nevertheless, he has sense of virtue and honor. Firstly, he is not interested in Elizabeth saying that â€Å"she is tolerable; but not handsome enough to tempt me; and I am in no humour at present to give consequence to young ladies who are slighted by other men†. (p.13) However, with novel progression his character transforms and he recognized his faults of prejudice and pride. His character affects the novel as, despite high social status and wealth, he manages to overcome prejudice and to show that marriage should be based on love. He proves that a man should love women for her intelligence and personality, not only for beautiful appearance. Conclusion Mrs. Bennet, Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy affect the novel in different ways. Mrs. Bennet symbolizes misconception of true marriage as she is obsessed with financial stability and social status. Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy represent true virtues in the novel as they teach others that marriage should be grounded on love, happiness, and attraction. Works Cited Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. UK, London: Penquin Books, 2005.

Wall Street and The Great Depression :: American History Essays

Wall Street and The Great Depression â€Å"You could talk about Prohibition, or Hemingway, or air conditioning, or music, or horses, but in the end you had to talk about the stock market, and that was when the conversation became serious.† [From John Brooks’s Once in Golconda] Wall Street has a long and varied 200-plus years of history, full of colorful vignettes and wheeling-dealing. Almost from the moment that the market was organized out-of-doors in the 18th century, it has been a symbol of the best and worst finance has had to offer. It has been known for its scandals, avarice, and greed on the one hand and ingenuity and even patriotism on the other. At times, it is impossible to live with, while at others, impossible to live without. And lurking just below the surface, are events and personalities that have shaped American history. Wall Street and The History of the Stock Market In March of 1792, twenty-four of New York City’s leading merchants met secretly to discuss ways to bring order to the securities business and to wrest it from their competitors, the auctioneers. Two months later, on May 17, 1792, these merchants signed the Buttonwood Agreement, calling for the signers to trade securities only among themselves, to set trading fees, and not to participate in other auctions of securities. These men had founded what was to become the New York Stock Exchange. The New York Stock Exchange rented a room on Wall Street and every morning the president, Anthony Stockholm, read the stocks to be traded. The exchange was an exclusive organization, new members were required to be voted in, and a candidate could be black-balled by three negative votes. In 1817 a seat on the exchange cost $25, in 1827 it increased to $100, and in 1848 the price was $400. By 1929, the Wall Street con game had convinced millions of Americans that the country was riding on an upward spiraling wave of financial glory and both rich and poor had put their money into stocks and bonds. Stock prices were pushed up beyond any relationship with the actual worth of the companies. But, as history shows, what goes up, must come down: à ¼ October 24, 1929 â€Å"Black Thursday†: A record 12.9 million shares changed hands on Black Thursday (a new record – 4 million shares was considered a busy day back then) and the ticker tape fell behind by one and a half hours.

Effectiveness of juvenile justice Essay

There is no doubt that youthful offending has occurred throughout recorded history. Youth offenders are grouped in an individual division of the criminal justice system, known as the Juvenile Justice System. Juvenile Justice is an extensive term, encompassing numerous aspects of the criminal justice system, from criminology, to crime prevention strategies, punishment and rehabilitation. According to the Children (Criminal Proceedings) Act 1987 (NSW), juvenile justice refers to the system of criminal law which deals with offenders between the ages of ten and eighteen. This group can then be subcategorised into offences committed by children (aged ten to fifteen) and young people (aged sixteen to eighteen). Both of these subcategories of individuals in the juvenile justice system are said to hold criminal responsibility. But those subjects under the age of ten, according to the Children (Criminal Proceedings) Act 1987 (NSW), hold no criminal responsibility, due to the common law operat ion of doli incapx1. The subsequent report will outline a variety of facets of Juvenile Justice as a present criminal justice issue within Australia, with an emphasis on diversionary schemes, the Children’s Court and Detention Centers (juvenile justice centers and juvenile correction centers). Furthermore, the issue will be considered within the jurisdiction of New South Wales. The reason for such a jurisdiction restriction to consider the issue only within New South Wales is because Juvenile Justice Law differs in each state and territory due to it being part of the residual powers of the state, granted under the principle of the division of power – which is in full operation within Australia. Preceding the presentation of the issue, an extensive assessment of the issue of Juvenile Justice in relation to justice, equality and fairness will be made, drawing upon various case material, legislation and media sources, to draw an accurate conclusion on the effectiveness of the legal system in d ealing with the matters that surround Juvenile Justice. Breaking the Myths: the reality (Facts and Figures) of Juvenile Justice in New South Wales The usual picture painted of juvenile crime is aptly drawn in the following comment made to the Australian Law Reform Commission when it was examining the sentencing of young offenders: â€Å"Notions of a ‘juvenile crime wave’ about to engulf the community have wide popular currency. It  seems to be commonly believed that juveniles commit a disproportionately large number of serious personal and property offences, or that new legislation and programs lead to an increase in juvenile crime, or that society is getting soft on its delinquents, and that tougher institutions and harsher penalties would help curb juvenile crime.†2 In contrast to the picture created by many media stories and thus society’s general view on juveniles, it can easily be shown how inaccurate the portrayal may be, when drawing upon statistical evidence and data. One of the crimes most associated with juveniles is motor vehicle theft. Motor vehicle theft has been declining since 2000, with 7618 vehicles stolen in November 2003 being the lowest figure recorded since figures were first collected in 1995. Further, despite poplar images, in 2002 – 03 only 29 per cent of motor vehicle theft offenders were juveniles and this rate was lower than data collected in 1995 – 96, when 36 percent of motor vehicle theft offenders were juveniles. This is not the only example which exposes the inaccuracy of both the media and society’s illustration of juvenile crime. The rate of juvenile offending is decreasing, from 4092 per 100,000 juveniles in 1995 – 96 to 3130 in 2002–03. The rate of offence dropped twenty per cent since 1995, while the female rate increased slightly to 2000-01, and then dropped 28 per cent by 2003. The most common juvenile offences are other theft (this category includes offences such as pick pocketing, bag snatching, stealing and bike theft), unlawful entry with intent, assault, and motor vehicle theft. Rates for all of these, except assault, declined between 1995-96 and 2002-03 and the rate for other theft decreased by 38 per cent in this period. 3 See Appendix 1 and 2 for full statistical graphs and tabulated evidence. The NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research publishes extensive figures for criminal cases in the Children’s Court. These figures do not include cases dealt with by diversionary schemes (which will discussed shortly). In 2002, the Children’s Court had 8546 juveniles appear before it on criminal charges, and cases were proven against 5398 of them. The six most common offences are pictured in Appendix 3, 4 and 5. New South Wales Juvenile Justice Regulatory Legislation The main statutes regulating the operation of Juvenile Justice in Australia are: Children (Criminal Proceedings) Act 1987 (NSW): This act sets out court procedures for trying children. It was amended by the Children (Criminal Proceedings) Amendment (Adult Detainees) Act 2002 (NSW) to have people convicted of an indictable offence transferred to adult correction facilities upon turning eighteen. Children (Detention Centres) Act 1987 (NSW): This act sets out the way in which juvenile justice centres are administered and processes encompassing the supervision of juvenile detainees Children (Community Service Orders) Act 1987 (NSW): This out outlines supervisory processes of juvenile offenders placed on community service orders Children’s Court Act 1987 (NSW): Sets out the constitution and jurisdiction of the Children’s Court Children (Protection and Parental Responsibility) Act 1997 (NSW): This act explicitly has made parents responsible for the past and future actions of their children. It has also granted police to have powers to remove young people from public places in local government ‘operational’ areas Young Offenders Act 1997 (NSW): An Act to establish procedures for dealing with children who commit certain offences through the use of youth justice conferences, cautions and warnings instead of court proceedings; and for other purposes 4. Crimes Amendment (Detention After Arrest) Act 1997 (NSW): amends the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) to give police powers to detain young people after arrest for up to four hours Juvenile Offenders Legislation Amendment Act 2004 (NSW): This act established a new form of prison (‘juvenile correctional centre’) for young people sixteen years and older. Amendments were made to the Children (Criminal Proceedings) Act 1987 (NSW), Children (Detention Centres) act 1987 (NSW) and the Crimes (Administration of Sentences) Act 1999 (NSW). The statues concerning juvenile justice have been created according to international law principles, or amended, to ratify various international conventions of which Australia is a party. Children are recognised internationally as to be treated differently from adults in the criminal justice system, acknowledging that children progress through a number of developmental stages as part of the process of becoming adults. Such international law which recognises the need to treat juveniles differently  comprise of the: Convention on the Rights of the Child (CROC) United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency UN Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty A separate juvenile justice system provides safeguards to protect children and young people, based on international rules for the administration of juvenile justice. In NSW this separate juvenile justice system is administered by the Department of Juvenile Justice, whose mission statement is to â€Å"provide services and opportunities for juvenile offenders to meet their responsibilities and lead a life free of further offending†5. Diversionary Schemes It is clear that there are a variety of statutes regulating the operation of juvenile justice in New South Wales. Of particular importance is the Young Offenders Act 1997 (NSW). This act came into effect on April 6th 1998. The objects of this act aim to â€Å"establish a scheme that provides an alternative process to court proceedings for dealing with children who commit certain offences through the use of youth justice conferences, cautions and warnings†6. That is, change the way the criminal justice system deals with young offenders by diverting young offender’s away from the court and juvenile justice centres, to alternative forms of intervention (see appendix six for full objects of the act and appendix seven for the sentencing of juveniles; an illustration of when diversion can occur). The Young Offenders Act 1997 (NSW) gives a hierarchical scheme of alternatives to court hearings and detention; these schemes from the lowest level of the hierarchy to the highest level of the hierarchy are: Warnings directed by the NSW Police Formal cautions directed by the NSW Police Youth Justice Conferences directed by the Department of Juvenile Justice These diversions from the court and juvenile justice centres can be employed for the vast majority of offences committed by young people. However, in  Section 8 of the Young Offenders Act 1997 (NSW) the offences which are covered/not covered by the statute are outlined. Offences that cause the death of a person, indecent assault, aggravated indecent assault, acts of indecency (see appendix eight for definition and scope), aggravated acts of indecency, sexual intercourse (or attempt of) with a child between ten and sixteen years, attempts or acts of bestiality, serious drug offences and motor vehicle offences where the young person is old enough to hold a license or permit under the Motor Traffic Act 1909 (NSW) are not covered by the Young Offenders Act 1997 (NSW)7 and are therefore dealt with by the court system. Warnings Under the Young Offenders Act police officers have the discretion to give young offenders warnings for minor summary offences that do not involve violence or related issues. An example of such a minor summary offence is the use of foul language in public. A warning can be issued at any time or place and does not require that the young person admit the offence, although, the police must record the time, place and nature of the offence and the offenders name and gender. The investigating official must â€Å"take steps to ensure that the child understands the purpose, nature and effect of the warning†8. Cautions Under the Young Offenders Act police have the discretion to issue a formal caution for more serious offences covered under the Young Offenders Act. The young offender must admit the offence (after being given the opportunity for legal advice) and consent to being cautioned. If a young person chooses not to be cautioned, they will be dealt with by a court. When making the decision to issue a caution, the police officer must consider: (a) the seriousness of the offence, (b) the degree of violence involved in the offence, (c) the harm caused to any victim, (d) the number and nature of any offences committed by the child and the number of times the child has been dealt with under this Act, (e) any other matter the police officer thinks appropriate in the circumstances. 9 A maximum of three cautions can be given to any one person. A number of individuals, on request by the offender, can be present when the caution is given, including: (a) the child and the person giving the caution, (b) a person responsible for the child, (c) members of the child’s family or extended family, (d) an adult chosen by the child, (e) a respected member of the community chosen by the child, if the person arranging the caution is of the opinion that it is appropriate in the circumstances to do so, (f) an interpreter, (g) if the child has a communication or cognitive disability, an appropriately skilled person, (h) if the child is under care, a social worker or other health professional, (i) if the child is subject to probation or a community service order, the child’s supervising officer, (j) if the investigating official is not giving the caution, the investigating official. 10 As a result of a caution, the young person can be asked to write an apology to any victim(s) of the offence, but no other conditions or penalties may be imposed on the child. Youth Justice Conferences The aim of the scheme of Youth Justice Conferences, empowered by the Young Offenders Act, is to encourage young people to take responsibility for their actions and to discourage them from reoffending. This process allows issues to be addressed in a non-threatening environment and enables the youth to gain access to appropriate services, such as counselling, to help them resolve the underlying problems. The offender must consent to the conference, and must be given a chance for legal advice before consenting to the conference. The decision to hold a conference can be made by the Director of Public Prosecutions or upon court order. The decision to hold a conference is based on the following factors: (a) the seriousness of the offence, (b) the degree of violence involved in the offence, (c) the harm caused to any victim, (d) the number and nature of any offences committed by the child and the number of times the child has been dealt with under this Act, (e) any other matter the Director or court thinks appropriate in the circumstances. 11 The Department of Juvenile Justice is responsible for the operation of youth justice conference in NSW. Youth justice conferencing offices are based mostly in Juvenile Justice Community Offices throughout NSW. Those usually present at the conference can include, the conference convenor, the young offender, the parents/guardians of the offender, other members of the offenders family, the victim (if they choose to attend), support people of the victim and a police officer. The result of a Youth Justice Conference is the creation of an â€Å"outcome plan†, a realistic and achievable plan agreed on by the offender and victim. Each outcome plan is different, and may include the following: (a) the making of an oral or written apology, or both, to any victim, (b) the making of reparation to any victim or the community, (c) participation by the child in an appropriate program,  (d) the taking of actions directed towards the reintegration of the child into the community. 12 If a young person satisfactorily completes an outcome plan, no further action can be taken against him or her for that offence. If this is not the case, the administrator returns the matter to the referring body which then deals with the young person as if the conference had never occurred. Children’s Court: Sentencing Options Young offenders are referred to the children’s court [empowered under Children’s Court Act 1987 (NSW) and Children (Criminal Proceedings) Act 1987(NSW)] for the most serious indictable offences, such as murder, manslaughter, sexual offences, domestic violence, drug trafficking and any other offences that result in the death of a person (i.e. all offences which are not covered under the Young Offenders Act).   The court has limited sentencing options, set out in a hierarchy of available penalties in order of severity. Sentencing hierarchies have been introduced in order to guide the court in selecting an appropriate penalty and to provide a greater degree of consistency in sentencing. Some statutes prevent the court from imposing a sentence at one level unless it is satisfied that a sentence at a  lower level of the hierarchy is inappropriate. Such requirements have been designed to require magistrates to justify the use of more severe penalties, to promote the use o f non-custodial options, and to reinforce the use of detention as a sentence of last resort. The sanctions available to the Children’s Court in NSW, in order of decreasing severity, include the following: detention in a juvenile justice centre or juvenile correction facility suspended detention  community service order, attendance centre order  probation (usually up to two years) or other supervised order fine or compensation and good behavior bond  fine or compensation  referral to a youth conferencing scheme  good behavior bond  undertaking to observe certain conditions  dismissal of charges with or without either a reprimand or a conviction recorded The objectives of sentencing, defined as, retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation and incapacitation have a certain difficulty in being met when sentencing juveniles. Instead, sentencing aims to meet the following objectives: Responsibility; intent, excuse, impairment, motive. This mitigating factor of responsibility is changed when applied to young offenders, due to the notion of reduced responsibility be cause of age Proportionality; sanction applied by the court needs to take account of the seriousness of the crime and responsibility of the offender Equality; consistency in punishment. Frugality; sentence imposed should be the least restrictive that is appropriate Rehabilitation; the court must take into account the chances of rehabilitation for the offender As well as an outline of the options available when sentencing and the objectives that must be achieved when sentencing, the key issue that remains to be examined is the actual use of these sentencing options. Appendix Nine tabulates the various court outcomes from the Children’s Court in 2000. Noteworthy is the â€Å"other proven outcomes† category, comprising a total of 15.1 per cent of the outcomes. This category includes such outcomes as apprehended violence orders, compensation and  committals to higher courts. The next major category is dismissed with a caution, comprising 13.8 per cent of the court outcomes. The offence categories where dismissals are most frequently used are public order offences and drug offences. Most notable is the use of detention, the sixth most frequently used outc ome, 9.8 per cent of the time. Detention Centers: Juvenile Justice Centers and Juvenile Correction Centres In some jurisdictions there are certain legislative requirements when the court is considering sentencing a young person to a period of institutionalisation. Generally speaking, the court must be satisfied that no other sentencing option is appropriate, that is, the offender has not responded to the different preventive and rehabilitation methods available or the offender has committed a serious indictable offence and no other sentencing option is feasible. It is clear that the use of detention is meant to be a â€Å"last resort† measure. The detention of young offenders is driven by several competing rationales, including deterrence, retribution, community safety and rehabilitation. The relative emphasis placed upon these will shape the overall direction of detention-centre policy and have a major impact on the nature of the incarceration experience. Many counseling and education programs are available in Juvenile Justice Centers and Juvenile Correction Centers, like, Kairong Juvenile Correction Facility and Reiby Juvenile Justice Centre in New South Wales. It is expected that these young offenders will be able to exit the system with the same skills and vocational opportunities as any other youth, as they offer many services to incarcerated offenders, such as: drug and alcohol counseling services educational opportunities vocational programs health programs and services recreational programs independent living programs arts and crafts courses cultural programs; special services for Aboriginal offenders legal services It is clear that detention facilities, as required by legislation, provide a secure, stable environment with an accent on rehabilitation and reintegration into the community. Importance is placed on upholding the rights and dignity of juvenile offenders and maintaining family links. Juvenile Justice: Fairness, Equality and Justice The three key legal notions of fairness, equality and justice are fundamental when assessing any issue within the Australian legal system. It is said that these three notions are the speculative cornerstones of the entire legal system, with each decision (whether they be statute law or common law decisions, decisions by government departments or decisions made by law enforcers) made within the legal system, hinging on fairness, equality and justice. It is fundamental, when assessing the issue of juvenile justice as a current criminal justice issue, to consider fairness, equality and justice, independently, even though these three notions, in operation, are interdependent. The following is an assessment of juvenile justice in relation to the specific issues which have been outlined in this report, thus far. These specific facets of juvenile justice are its relevant regulatory legislation, diversionary schemes, the Children’s Court and Detention Centers. – Equality Many individuals argue that equality before the law is the most fundamental and important aspect of our judicial system. Equality before the law means that all people who come before courts are treated equally regardless of their individual situation; this is formal equality before the law. But equality also suggests that everyone is treated the same and to achieve equal treatment, mitigating circumstances must be taken into account during the legal process, so that equality of outcomes can be achieved. The statues regulating juvenile justice all take into account the age of criminal responsibility before the law, and the fact that being a juvenile does in fact reduce responsibility before the law. Because of this, formal equality for juveniles can be achieved, as all juveniles are considered to have reduced criminal responsibility due to the fact that they are indeed juveniles. The imposing of formal equality, which is clearly defined in the various statutes regulating juvenile justice, does not occur during the operation of the statutes by law enforcement officials, such as police officers. It is evident that minority racial groups can be discriminated against at the law enforcement level, that is, due to the police. During the documentary, Insight: Juvenile Justice, produced by SBS Australia and screened by SBS Australia on March 3rd 2000, which was documented by reporter, Vivan Ultman, raises many issues in regards to the treatment of ethnic minorities within the juvenile justice system. Chris Cueen a criminologist in New South Wales believes there is a clear reason for the over representation of minority groups in Juvenile Justice Centers, stating â€Å"the clear answer to that is the most marginalized kids in society are the ones that end up locked up, it’s a reflection on unemployment and ethnicity†. Former magistrate of the Children’s Court in NSW, Rod Blackmore, states that â€Å"they (ethnic minority juveniles) aren’t being dealt with more harshly by the courts, or by the system, it’s rather a gate keeping problem, whether they’ve been diverted in the first place by the police or they are quickly being charged and arrested by the police†. Because of the lack of diversion by the police, who do not utilize diversionary schemes empowered under the Young Offenders Act 1997 (NSW), such as an on the spot warning or a more serious formal caution, a clear inequality has resulted – leaving more ethnic minorities, such as indigenous Australians, in juvenile correction facilities. This overrepresentation, specifically to indigenous Australians, is clearly illustrated in the statistical data comprised by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, shown in Appendix Ten. Yet, this over representation could be avoided if the police force took active steps to ensure equality in treating indigenous Australians. Over policing in areas of high indigenous population could be reduced to decrease the tensions between indigenous juveniles and the police. In an article written by Liz Gooch, titled â€Å"Aboriginal Prison Rates Increasing† in The Age on the 12th of July 2005, the focus is on indigenous juveniles who are, as quoted, â€Å"20 times more likely to be detained than other Australians†. Not only this, such unequal treatment â€Å"could affect their future significantly, possibly leading to further convictions later in life†. Yet, of importance, is the inequality of ethnic minorities within the community prior to entering the Juvenile Justice System. In New South Wales, groups of indigenous Australians and those from non-English speaking backgrounds, are portrayed by the media as being disadvantaged and typical â€Å"offenders†. Whether or not this true, this has a strong bearing on the factors which lead individuals, like these minority groups, to commit crimes. The result of negative public image can often lead to the justification of groups such as indigenous Australians, to commit crimes. But, active steps have been taken to ensure equality of all juvenile offenders who appear before the Children’s Court, as all juveniles have access to the Legal Aid Youth Hotline, which gives free advice to juvenile’s at all stages in the juvenile justice system. Not only this, during diversionary schemes – such as cautions and Youth Conferencing – young offenders may elect individuals to be present at such schemes, such as interpreters, to ensure equality of opportunity for all young offenders. Equality of opportunity is further encouraged through the use of various educational and vocational training programs during incarceration periods. This ensures that when juveniles exist their incarceration sentence, they are at equal (or near equal) status with other individuals, as if they had not been through the process. There is also indirect discrimination created by the notion of equality before the law. An Australian Law Reform Commission and Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission join report, â€Å"Seen and Heard: Priority for Children in the legal Process†13, identified a number of problem areas with respect to young people. One of the most important problems was their relationship with police, the inadequacy of courtroom facilities and inadequate training for criminal justice personnel in dealing with young people. Although this report was created some time ago, improvement is a process of continuity, which may never be fully achieved. – Fairness Fairness refers to the legitimate and proper conduct in the performance of an act or duty. In regards to Juvenile Justice there are many instances when ‘unfair’ treatment in the eyes of the law may occur. One such example of this is the provision of legal advice upon detainment of a juvenile. In the past, when a child asked to speak to a lawyer, police had sometimes given the young offender a telephone book and told them to look one up, often outside business hours. In the case of R v Clifford Cortez14 the court found that this was not fair practice and that the custody manager must inform the child about the free Legal Aid Youth Hotline and help them to access it. In this case, Justice Dowd created common law precedent, when he stated â€Å"Young people aged 17 rarely have a solicitor and rarely have a contact number for one available. It is as absurd as suggesting they might contact their architect or dietary advisory. The whole intention of the hotline is that young people would know that is free, that it is available, and that they would be able to obtain advice there and then. Failure to make it available is a clear breach of the Act and regulation but, more importantly, in breach of the requirement of fairness to the young person†. It is clear that in an effort to allow fairness during the juvenile justice process, the right to legal advice must be upheld. Furthermore, in the case R v Phung and Hunyh15 the importance of the appropriate support person was enforced. In this case, seventeen year old Johnny Phung was suspected of committing an armed robbery and fatal shooting. Police arrested him and conducted two interviews while he was in custody. The these interviews, Phung made admissions about his involvement with the offences. Phung, was not granted an appropriate support person during his questionings. The support person in the first interview with Detective Senior Constable Quigg was Phung’s 21 year old cousin, who did not have strong English (and too was intimidated by the police). The second support person was a Salvation Army Officer who was a stranger to Phung and did not have any opportunity to talk to him privately. When Phung was charged and brought to Court, justice wood refused to admit the interview transcripts, finding that the police had acted improperly by not providing an appropriate support person for Phung. Justice Wood stated â€Å"I would exclude the evidence, since I am of the view that the apparent failure of those concerned to secure compliance with the regime gives rise to an unfairness, and outweighs the probative value of the admissions obtained, powerful as they might have been†. It is clear that in the efforts to  promote fairness in the juvenile justice system, an appropriate support person must be present during the police detainment. Particular unfairness can result in the Children’s Court Sentencing Process, with the most important consideration in sentencing juveniles being rehabilitation. This was illustrated in a case that went to the New South Wales Court of Criminal Appeal, R v GDP16. P was a 15 year old boy who, with two friends, caused extensive damage to a car yard and construction company in the western suburbs of Sydney, to the value of more than $1.5 million. P was arrested by the police and made admissions in two records of the interview. P’s charge could have been determined in the children’s court; however, the court used its discretion to commit P to stand trial in the District Court. P pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 12 month’s detention. A successful appeal was lodged in the Court of Criminal Appeal and the sentence was reduced to 12 months’ probation. Justice Matthews, in her judgement, made a number of points concerning the principles of sentencing young people. She noted that P was a first offender and had received a favourable court report, school report and psychiatric report. He had rehabilitated himself to a substantial degree since the original offence by not reoffending and by returning to school. Justice Matthews found that the original judge who had imposed the custodial sentence had been wrong on two accounts. Although the sentence of 12 months’ detention was within the range of appropriate penalties, it did not take into account the youth of the offender or his or her prospect of rehabilitation. Not only this, the sentencing judge had failed to distinguish the minor role played by P in the offences, he had the same sentence as one co-offender but had played a substantially less role. Other cases since GDP have also been significant in upholding the importance of rehabilitation, including R v Wilkie17, R v Vitros18 and R v ALH19. It is clear that in order to produce a fair outcome for each individual, mitigating circumstances must be taken into account as well any other particular circumstances which surround the case. Examples such as these are extensive, with numerous cases of unfairness during process due to inadequacy of complying with various specifications, outlined in statutes such as the Children (Criminal Proceedings) Act 1987 (NSW) and the Children’s Court Act 1987 (NSW). – Justice Justice is a subjective term depending on the context it is used in. Everyone has an individual idea on what they personally believe justice is. Justice takes into account the notions of equality and fairness, as well as notions of access, equity and human rights. Criminal law is said to operate to right the wrongs of individuals in the community, on behalf of the state. It is a matter of public law, where the state prosecution acts on behalf of all members of society to give the most appropriate retribution for the individuals wrong to society. Yet, Youth Conferences as a diversionary scheme are questioned in their ability to achieve justice for the individual affected by the crime, and thus justice for society. In 2003, 1250 Youth Justice Conferences were run as alternatives to the Children’s Court. Through a youth conference, an individual experiences shame in front of the eyes of intimates and must experience a form of repentance in front of these intimates. It is said to achieve justice for young offenders as it is not excessively confrontational and produces an achievable outcome plan, agreed upon by both the offender and the victim. But, the question remains as to if this is in actuality an achievement of justice. Conferences are considered by many to be a progressive approach to juvenile justice because they recognise the rights of young offenders, their victims, and both their families and community to decide what to do about the damage caused by the offender’s actions. They also provide a forum for discussing and addressing many of the complex issues associated with young peoples offending. In a documentary, titled â€Å"Joe’s Conference: what happens at a youth justice conference†, produced by the Redfern Legal Centre Publishing, in 2000, depicts the process of youth justice conferences as it follows the story of Joe, a youth offender who stole a car, preceded to destroy the car and was then caught by the police, and sent to a youth justice conference. At the conclusion of the documentary, Joe’s agreed outcome plan includes community service and undertaking vocational training at a certified  mechanic’s work shop. No compensation is rewarded for the vic tim, who has lost his car. Although agreed upon by both the offender and the victim, justice, in the eyes of many, may have not been achieved. Yet, contrary to this opinion, in an article featured on the Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, NSW, titled â€Å"Re-offending by young people cautioned or conferenced†, released on the 3rd of January 2007, found that â€Å"Juveniles who receive a caution or a youth justice conference are less likely to re-offend than those who are referred to the Children’s Court†. Using statistics given by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the article states that â€Å"Forty-two per cent of those cautioned and 58 per cent of those dealt with at a youth justice conference had a further offence proved against them in the Children’s Court over the five-year follow-up period† and â€Å"only a small proportion of those cautioned (5.2 per cent) or conferenced (10.8 per cent) committed an offence serious enough to warrant a custodial sentence within five years of being cautioned or conferenced†. It is clear that Youth Conferencing can achieve justice, bec ause re-offending rates are decreased. Not only this, justice is achieved for individuals who are able to confront the offender and express their opinions. This is depicted in the article titled â€Å"Justice in the cell with no bars†, written by Jock Cheetham, which appeared in The Sydney Morning Herald on the 29th of October, 2004. Journalist, Jock Cheetham, observes the Youth Conference, on condition that â€Å"no one except the convener is identified†. The Youth Justice Conference was held to create a successful outcome plan for the offender, who is known as ‘Dave’, for offences larceny, vandalism and driving under the influence of alcohol. This article allows the understanding of how Youth Justice Conferences do in fact achieve justice, as it states how the victims felt as a result of the Conference, when the victims and Dave agreed that the offender, Dave â€Å"pay $500 and do 20 hours community work at a Police and Citizens Youth Club†. One of the victims, known as â€Å"Jacquline † states, â€Å"But I was still a bit angry at the end, I still feel he got off a bit easily. It was good because we felt it was over and done with. It doesn’t wipe it all away, but you feel part of the process.† It is clear that Youth Justice Conferences do achieve justice for victims and allow rehabilitation, and thus justice, for offenders. Not only this, by diverting cases away from the Children’s Court, a much greater resource efficiency is gained and greater  access for all young offenders is promoting, furthering the justice provided. Juvenile Justice Centers and other correctional detention facilities, do not achieve justice. Chris Cureen, a criminologist, states â€Å"the most you can say about imprisonment is it takes a young person out of circulation for a period of time and so they are no as likely to commit an offence while they’re behind bars, but in terms of deterrence they don’t work, they don’t stop other kids from committing offences and they certainly don’t stop those same kids from committing offences when they get out†. Juvenile Justice Centers are said to â€Å"teach crime† so that young offenders are more skilful crimin als upon release – in essence, Criminologist Edwin H. Sutherland, theory of differential association. It is easiest and most pleasing to society to put youthful offenders behind bars, but perhaps justice is not achieved by doing this, as it hardens the young offender and fosters further criminal behaviour. Yet, the question remains as to why incarceration facilities offer skills for children to earn a good living upon release. Chris Cueen, states, â€Å"One of the most profound ironies out of something like this is that somewhere like Kariong (the highest security juvenile justice centre in NSW) has the best employment opportunities, so you lock someone up in sort of the maximum security environment, and there at the end point you begin to five them skills or education that should’ve been offered at the very start of the process†. Juvenile Justice Centers offer educational programs to rehabilitate young offenders, but too, foster crime. It is dependant on each individual as to whether the correctional facility is beneficial or detrimental to the offender. Furthermore, l aws regulating Juvenile Justice uphold international human rights standards, such as the UN Conventions on the Rights of the Child (CROC). The statues regulating juvenile justice provide for non-discrimination (article 4), the best interests of the child (article 3), survival and development (article 6) and participation in decision making (article 12). Justice is achieved for young offenders as statues regulating offenders protect ratified human rights conventions. Not only this, justice for juvenile offenders is achieved as it is an offence to publish or broadcast the name or other identifying characteristics of a young person appearing before or convicted by the children’s court. This achieves justice as it avoids future stigmatisation of the young offender and also by ensuring maximum  opportunities for personal growth and development. Conclusion Overall juvenile justice law, as assessed in the previous section, promotes fairness, equality and justice. The common law aims for rehabilitation of offenders, but will not hide from more serious sentencing options, such as detention. If this is continually maintained as the driving force behind the Juvenile Justice System, the pinnacle point of the effectiveness will be reached. For the system to be most effective, a balance must be achieved between the offender and sentencing options, remaining in proportion. Although great improvements are needed in areas of dealing with minority offenders to achieve formal equality before the law, as well as further strict enforcement of principles set out in Juvenile Justice regulatory statues to achieve fairness, total justice, and the utmost effectiveness of the system will be reached. Bibliography: Books: Cunneen. C, White. R. Juvenile Justice: Youth and Crime in Australia, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 2002 Loughman, J. Mackinnon. G, Hot Topic 49: Juvenile Justice, Legal Information Access Center, NSW, 2004 Findlay. M, Odgers. S, Yeo. S, Australian Criminal Justice, Oxford University Press, NSW, 1999 Healey. K, Issues in Society Volume 90: Youth and The Law, The Spinney Press, NSW, 1998 Healey. K, Issues in Society Volume 40: Juvenile Justice, The Spinney Press, NSW, 1995 Department of Juvenile Justice, What’s Happening in Juvenile Justice in NSW?, Department of Juvenile Justice, Sydney, 2000 Ardagh. A, Youth Conferencing: Contrasting Models, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, 1996 O’Connor, I. and Sweetapple. P, Children in Justice, Longman Cheshire, NSW, 1988 Western. J, Lynch. M, Ogilvie. E, Understanding Youth Crime: An Australian Study, Ashgate, NSW, 2003 Roberts. A, Juvenile Justice Sourcebook: Past, Present and Future, Oxford University Press, New York, 2004 Cornu. Daryle, Miller. A, Robinson. S, Kelly. T, Steed. K, Cambridge Legal Studies: HSC, Cambridge University Press, Melbourne, 2006 Gleeson. W, Brogan. M, Siow, V, Hayes. M, Thiering, N. Heinemann Legal Studies: HSC Course, Heinemann, NSW, 2003 Brassil. D, Brassil. B, Excel HSC: Legal Studies, Pascal Press, NSW, 2005 Draper. H, Legal Studies: HSC, Longman, Melbourne, 2002 McCarthy. J, Suter. K, Watt. R, Legal Studies 2, Macmillan, South Yarra, 2000 Documentaries: Vivian Ultman, Insight: Juvenile Justice, SBS Australia screen on March 3rd 2000 Fiona Cochrane, Youth Express: Is Justice For all?, Marcom Projects, 1993 Joe’s Conference: what happens at a youth justice conference, Redfern Legal Centre Publishing, 2000 Articles: Liz Gooch, â€Å"Aboriginal Prison Rates Increasing† in The Age on the 12th of July 2005 Jock Cheetham, â€Å"Justice in the cell with no bars†, The Sydney Morning Herald on the 29th of October, 2004. â€Å"Re-offending by young people cautioned or conferenced†, Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, NSW, 3rd of January 2007 Cases: Accessed via http://beta.austlii.edu.au/ R v Clifford Cortez (Unreported Supreme Court, 3 October 2002) R v Phung and Huynh [2001] NSWSC 115 revised – 15/05/2001 R v GDP (1991) 53 A Crim R 112 R v Wilkie, NSW Court of Criminal Appeal, unreported 2 July 1992 R v Vitros, NSW Court of Criminal Appeal, unreported 3 September 1993 R v ALH, NSW Court of Criminal Appeal, unreported 26 May 1995 Note: Cases in the NSW Children’s Court are heard in camera, and could thus not be used in the report Websites: http://beta.austlii.edu.au/, accessed 23/2/07 http://home.comcast.net/~ddemelo/crime/differ.html, accessed 23/2/07 www.aic.gov.au, accessed 23/2/07 www.djj.gov.au, accessed 23/2/07 www.abs.gov.au, accessed 23/2/07

Hybrid Electric Vehicle and Biological Cotton Essay

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Firstly, let’s ask ourselves a few questions. How is my life now? Am I used to the air pollution or the unhealthy food? Only if you feel a little unsatisfied with your life quality, you may benefit from my today’s topic: LOHAS. It is very popular in the west. Now, one of four Americans has joined it and one third of Europeans have done so. You may still feel confused but don’t worry. Today, I will tell you what LOHAS is and its main characters in human’s basic necessities of life. First, let’s see the definition of LOHAS. It is a lifestyle coming from the United States. It means living in a healthy and sustainable way. To be more specific, it represents caring about family’s health and ecological environment when doing shopping. Its concept is â€Å"healthy, happy, environmental, and sustainable†. Now that you know the definition of LOHAS, let’s look at its main features in clothing, food, housing and transportation. First, in the area of clothing, LOHAS encourages people to wear natural fabrics. I’ll take Biological Cotton as an example. When planting Biological Cotton without chemical fertilizer, it reduces 70% of water consumption and 50% of cost compared to common cotton. According to the above statistics, Biological Cotton consumes much less cost and environmental resources than other fabrics. You may think although it’s healthy, it may be old-fashioned. But the fact is not like that. Many fashion brands take use of Biological Cotton, like H&M and Levi’s. Second, in the area of eating, LOHAS encourages organic food. In the production of organic food, people don’t use chemical fertilizer or pesticides to guarantee the rich nutrition, good quality and high safety. In the UK, Prince Charles founded â€Å"Duchy Originals†, a brand of organic food. â€Å"Duchy Originals† covers a large range of food, for example meat, diary and chocolate. Third, in the area of housing, LOHAS encourages the way of low-energy consumption and recycling. According to REUTERS, there is an advanced water-cycling system in the President Bush’s farm. It divides the used residential water into two categories. One is showering water, considered as light polluted water. It will be purified together with rainfall. The other is water used in the kitchen and the toilet, regarded as heavy polluted water. It will be purified in a more complex way. Then all the purified water will be used to irrigate trees and flowers in the garden. Last, in the area of transportation, LOHAS encourages an environmental-friendly way. Try to take public transport as possible as you can. But if you want to buy a car in the future, you can consider buying an HEV. HEV is hybrid electric vehicle. It is driven by both electric power and petrol. It release less pollution and can always function well. As we have seen, LOHAS means the lifestyles of health and sustainability. It has its own unique features in people’s basic necessities of life. Since it’s beneficial to our body health and the whole environment, I hope more individuals will join it. Thank you.

The Basics Supply and Demand

The Basics Supply and Demand Supply and Demand analysis is relatively straightforward once the terminology is understood. The important terms are as follows: PriceQuantityDemand and Demand CurveQuantity DemandedSupply and Supply CurveQuantity SuppliedEquilibriumSurplusShortage Basic supply and demand analysis is done one of two ways - either graphically or numerically. If done graphically, it is important to set up the graph in the standard form. The Graph Traditionally economists have placed price (P) on the Y-axis and quantity (Q), as in quantity consumed or quantity purchased/sold on the X-axis. An easy way to remember how to label each axis is to remember P then Q, since the price (P) label occurs above and to the left of the quantity (Q) label. Next, there are two curves to understand - the demand curve and the supply curve. The Demand Curve A demand curve is simply a demand function or demand schedule represented graphically. Note that demand is not simply a number - it is a one-to-one relationship between prices and quantities. The following is an example of a demand schedule: Demand Schedule $10 - 200 units$20 - 145 units$30 - 110 units$40 - 100 unitsNote that demand is not simply a number such as 145. The quantity level associated with a particular price (such as 145 units $20) is known as a quantity demanded.A more detailed description of the demand curve can be found at: The Economics of Demand. The Supply Curve Supply curves, supply functions, and supply schedules are not conceptually different than their demand counterparts. Once again, supply is never represented as a number. When considering the problem from the point of view of the seller the quantity level associated with a particular price is known as quantity supplied. A more detailed description of the supply curve can be found at: The Economics of Supply. Equilibrium Equilibrium occurs when at a specific price P, quantity demanded quantity supplied. In other words, if there is some price where the amount buyers wish to buy is the same as the amount sellers wish to sell, then equilibrium occurs. Consider the following demand and supply schedules: Demand Schedule $10 - 200 units$20 - 145 units$30 - 110 units$40 - 100 units Supply Schedule $10 - 100 units$20 - 145 units$30 - 180 units$40 - 200 unitsAt a price of $20, consumers wish to purchase 145 units and sellers which to provide 145 units. Thus quantity supplied quantity demanded and we have an equilibrium of ($20, 145 units) Surplus A surplus, from the supply and demand perspective, is a situation where, at the current price, quantity supplied exceeds quantity demanded. Consider the demand and supply schedules above. At a price of $30, quantity supplied is 180 units and quantity demanded is 110 units, leading to a surplus of 70 units (180-11070). Our market, then, is out of equilibrium. The current price is unsustainable and must be lowered in order for the market to reach equilibrium. Shortage A shortage is simply the flip-side of a surplus. It is a situation where, at the current price, quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied. At a price of $10, quantity supplied is 100 units and quantity demanded is 200 units, leading to a shortage of 100 units (200-100100). Our market, then, is out of equilibrium. The current price is unsustainable and must be raised in order for the market to reach equilibrium.Now you know the basics of supply and demand. Have additional questions? I can be reached via the feedback form.

Understanding Deliverance Dane

Understanding Deliverance Dane Deliverance Dane Facts Known for:  accused witch in the 1692  Salem witch trials  Occupation:  homemakerAge at time of Salem witch trials:  40 years oldDates:  January 15, 1652 – June 15, 1735Also known as Deliverance Hazeldine Dane; Dane was also spelled Dean or Deane, Hazeltine sometimes spelled Haseltine or Haseltine Family, Background: Mother: Ann or Anna – probably Wood or Langley (1620 – 1684) Father: Robert Hazeltine (1609 – 1674) Siblings: Anna Kimball (1640 – 1688), Mercy Kimball (1642 – 1708), David Hazeltine (1644 – 1717), Mary Hazeltine (1646 – 1647), Abraham Hazeltine (1648 – 1711), Elizabeth Hazeltine (1652 – 1654), Robert Hazeltine (1657 – 1729), Gershom Hazeltine (1660 – 1711) Husband: Nathaniel Dane (1645 – 1725), son of Rev. Francis Dane and brother of two accused witches, Abigail Faulker Sr. and Elizabeth Johnson Sr. Husband’s siblings: Hannah Dane (1636 – 1642), Albert Dane (1636 – 1642), Mary Clark Dane Chandler (1638 – 1679, 7 children, 5 alive in 1692), Elizabeth Dane Johnson (1641 – 1722), Francis Dane (1642 – before 1656), Albert Dane (1645 - ?), Hannah Dane Goodhue (1648 – 1712), Phebe Dane Robinson (1650 – 1726), Abigail Dane Faulkner (1652 – 1730) Children: Nathaniel Dane, 1674 - 1674Francis Dane, 1678 – 1679Hannah Dane Osgood, 1679 – 1734, married to Samuel Osgood, son of John Osgood (1691 – 1693); Mary Osgood was Hannah’s mother-in-law, married to John OsgoodDaniel Dane, 1684 - 1754Mary Allen(?), 1686 - 1772Hannah Osgood, 1686 - 1734Deliverance Foster, 1693 - 1754Abigail Carleton, born 1698 – 1775 Deliverance Dane Before the Salem Witch Trials Married in 1672 to Nathaniel Dane, son of Andover’s local Puritan minister, Deliverance Dane had married into a powerful family.   Her father was from Devon, England, and her mother had been born in Rowley, Massachusetts Province.   Deliverance was the third-eldest of their nine children. By 1692, Deliverance and Nathaniel Dane already had five children, with another conceived in mid-year before the witchcraft accusations seriously hit the family. Deliverance’s father-in-law had some years before opposed a witchcraft trial.   He was critical of the Salem Village proceedings, as well. Andover was located generally to the northwest of Salem Village. Because she was probably caught up in the accusations because of her family connections, this article highlights those close family members accused as well, to illustrate the timeline better. Deliverance Dane and the Salem Witch Trials Although Elizabeth Johnson had been mentioned in a January deposition by Mercy Lewis, nothing had come of that. (Whether that was Nathaniel’s sister Elizabeth Dane Johnson or his niece, Elizabeth Johnson Jr., is not clear.) But by August, Elizabeth Johnson Jr. had been accused and was examined  on August 10. She confessed, implicating others.   On August 11, another of Nathaniel’s sisters, Abigail Faulkner, Sr., was arrested and accused.   On August 25, Mary Bridges Jr. of Andover was examined, accused of afflicting Martha Sprague and Rose Foster.   On the 29th of that month, Elizabeth Johnson Jr.’s siblings, Abigail (11) and Stephen (14) were arrested, as was Elizabeth Johnson Sr. and her daughter Abigail Johnson (11). Both of Deliverance’s sisters-in-law, Abigail Faulkner Sr. and Elizabeth Johnson Sr., were examined on August 30. They confessed, Elizabeth at least implicating others, including her sister and her son. On August 31, Rebecca Eames  was examined for the second time, and her confession included accusations against Abigail Faulkner.   Stephen Johnson then confessed on September 1, saying he had afflicted Martha Sprague, Mary Lacy, and Rose Foster. Deliverance Dane Accused Around   September 8: Deliverance Dane, according to a petition issued after the end of the trials, was first accused when two of the afflicted girls were called to Andover to determine the cause of sickness of both Joseph Ballard and his wife. Others were blindfolded, their hands laid on the â€Å"afflicted persons,† and when the afflicted persons fell into fits, the group was seized and taken to Salem. The group included Mary Osgood, Martha Tyler, Deliverance Dane, Abigail Barker, Sarah Wilson and Hannah Tyler. Some were, the later petition said, persuaded to confess what they were suggested to confess.   Afterward, over their shock at arrest, they renounced their confessions.   They were reminded that Samuel Wardwell had confessed and then renounced his confession and was therefore condemned and executed; the petition states that they were frightened that they would be next to meet that fate. Deliverance Dane confessed under examining. She said that she had been working with Mrs. Osgood. She implicated her father-in-law, Rev. Francis Dane, but he was never arrested.   Most of the records of her arrest and examinations have been lost. On September 16, Abigail Faulkner Jr. (9) was accused and arrested and examined along with her sister Dorothy (12).   According to the record, they implicated their mother, stating that â€Å"thire mother apared and mayd them witches and also marth [a] Tyler Johanah Tyler: and Sarih Willson and Joseph draper all acknowlidge that they ware lead into that dradfull sin of witchcrift by hir meanse.† Abigail Faulkner Sr. was among those tried and convicted by the court on September 17, condemned to be executed.   Her sentence was suspended, however, until she could complete her pregnancy. But by the end of September, the trials had almost completely run their course.   There would be no more executions.   Now, some of those in jail and not convicted could be released – if their costs were paid for the time they’d been in jail, and a bond to ensure that they’d return if the trials resumed. Deliverance Dane After the Trials: What Happened to Deliverance Dane? We don’t know when she was released – records related to Deliverance Dane are quite spotty.   There is no indication of her release date nor the conditions under which she was released, though she may not have been indicted. Deliverance’s husband Nathaniel Dane and a neighbor, John Osgood, paid 500 pounds on October 6 to gain the release of Dorothy Faulkner and Abigail Faulkner Jr. Three other adults paid 500 pounds that day to release Stephen Johnson and Abigail Johnson along with Sarah Carrier.   On October 15, Mary Bridges Jr. was able to gain release when John Osgood and Mary’s father John Bridges paid a 500-pound bond. In December, Abigail Faulkner, Sr., petitioned the governor for clemency. Her husband’s illness had worsened, and she pleaded her case that she needed to care for the children. He arranged for her release from prison. On January 2, the Rev. Francis Dane wrote to fellow ministers that, knowing the people of Andover where he served as a senior minister, I believe many innocent persons have been accused and imprisoned. He denounced the use of spectral evidence. A similar missive signed by 41 men and 12 women of Andover was sent to the Salem court. In January, Elizabeth Johnson Jr. was among those found not guilty in a Superior Court trial of those who had been indicted in September. Another undated petition to the Salem Court of Assize, probably from January, is on record from more than 50 Andover â€Å"neighbors† on behalf of Mary Osgood, Eunice Fry, Deliverance Dane, Sarah Wilson Sr. and Abigail Barker, stating faith in their integrity and piety, and making clear that they were innocent. The petition protested the way that many had been persuaded to confess under pressure what they were charged with and stated that no neighbors had any reason to suspect that the charges might be true. John Osgood and John Bridges got Mary Bridges Sr. released on January 12 with a 100-pound bond. In 1693, Deliverance Dane appears again in the record.   On February 20 Deliverance Dane gave birth to a baby girl also named (appropriately) Deliverance – the mother was to go on to have one more child about five years later.   And also in 1693, there is on file a petition by Nathaniel Dane, asking the sheriff, clerk and jail keeper for an accounting of the â€Å"prison fees and money and provision necessarily Expended† for his wife, Deliverance Dane, and his manservant (not named). In 1700, Deliverance’s niece Abigail Faulkner Jr. asked the Massachusetts General Court to reverse her conviction. In 1703, residents of Andover, Salem Village, and Topsfield petitioned on behalf of Rebecca Nurse, Mary Esty, Abigail Faulkner, Mary Parker, John and Elizabeth Proctor, Elizabeth Howe and Samuel and Sarah Wardwell – all but Abigail Faulkner, Elizabeth Proctor, and Sarah Wardwell had been executed – asking the court to exonerate them for the sake of their relatives and descendants.   Francis and Abigail Faulkner, Nathaniel Dane (Deliverance’s husband) and Francis Dane (presumably her father-in-law) were among those signing the petition. Another petition was filed that year on behalf of Deliverance Dane, Martha Osgood, Martha Tyler, Abigail Barker, Sarah Wilson and Hannah Tyler, who had been arrested together. May 1709: Francis Faulkner joined with Philip English and others to submit yet another petition on behalf of themselves and their relatives, to the Governor and the General Assembly of Massachusetts Bay Province, asking for reconsideration and remuneration. In 1711, the  legislature of the Province of Massachusetts Bay  restored all rights to many of those who had been accused in the 1692 witch trials. Included were George Burroughs, John Proctor, George Jacob, John Willard, Giles and  Martha Corey,  Rebecca Nurse,  Sarah Good, Elizabeth How,  Mary Easty, Sarah Wilds, Abigail Hobbs, Samuel Wardell, Mary Parker,  Martha Carrier, Abigail Faulkner, Anne Foster, Rebecca Eames, Mary Post, Mary Lacey, Mary Bradbury and Dorcas Hoar. Deliverance Dane lived until 1735. Motives Deliverance Dane may have been caught up in the accusations because of her close association with both witchcraft skeptic Rev. Francis Dane, and her sister-in-law, Abigail Faulkner Sr., who controlled more wealth and property than women usually did because of her husband’s large inheritance and illness that prevented him from managing it. Deliverance Dane in  The Crucible Deliverance Dane and the rest of the Andover Dane extended family are not characters in Arthur Miller’s play about the Salem witch trials, The Crucible. Deliverance Dane in  Salem, 2014 series Abigail and the rest of the Andover Dane extended family are not characters in the Salem TV series. Deliverance Dane in Other Fiction In a 2009 novel by Katherine Howe, The Physick Book of Deliverance Dane, Deliverance Dane is depicted as an actual witch.

The College Entrance Essay What Not to Do

The College Entrance Essay What Not to Do SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What’s the point of the essay? Put yourself in the admissions officers’ shoes. They’ve got hundreds, maybe thousands of data sets to review, one for each potential student. Imagine the big conference table where these folders are spread out under the fluorescent lights. You’re just one folder in a pile, and the essay is their one window into who you are. What about the rest of my application? Sure, grades show you can study and that you care about academic success; test scores show something of critical thinking skills; extracurriculars and volunteer work show you’re â€Å"well-rounded.† But everyone knows that these things, for most college-bound students, are standard. People have been telling you they’re â€Å"important for college† since you were in 8th grade, and admissions officers know that. So there’s a limited amount even a 4.0 GPA and a perfect score on the SAT can say about your readiness for many aspects of college. College isn’t high school 2.0 See, college isn’t just classes and parties; it’s a transition between childhood and adulthood. Plenty of kids with high GPAs and great test scores can have a hard time in college due to the lack of supervision and the less defined reward structure. In other words, high schoolers with determined parents can be coaxed or bribed into hundreds of hours of AP studying, varsity sports practice and all kinds of SAT prep. Those kids might build great applications that get them the acceptance letters they want. But none of that stuff will help them once they’re on campus. In addition to possessing academic prowess, students who get the most out of college know what they want and are willing to work for it. They are mature, self-motivated, curious, and able to think outside the box. In short, they’re (mostly) ready to be responsible adults. Why do different schools have different prompts? Different schools are looking for different variations on this ready-for-adulthood theme; Juilliard wants students who apply this maturity and determination to their art. Tiny liberal arts schools want students who will bring their passions to enriching the community on campus. Ivies want students who are clearly head and shoulders above their peers. But all colleges want students who, as alumni, will enhance their alma mater’s reputation, whatever it may be. And the admissions essay is unique in its ability to convey much of the information that could convince a school you’ll be able to handle the job of succeeding, not just in school, but in life. To that end, here are our top 3 tips on what not to write in your college admissions essay. 1. Don’t write about the easiest thing High schoolers have a bad reputation for being shallow. Adults tend to think of them as Facebook-obsessed, smartphone-dependent text-monsters who do whatever (and only) what their friends do. Along with these charming characteristics, teenagers are also seen as closed minded and self-obsessed. The essay is a chance to prove definitively that you are not one of these teenage whiners who thinks only of themselves, and one way to do that is to really put some thought into your topic. In other words, don’t write about the first thing you think of, or the thing you think you could most easily tailor to the prompt. Let’s look at an example: one of the 2014-2015 Common Application essay promptsis, â€Å"Recount an incident or time when you experienced failure. How did it affect you, and what lessons did you learn?† If you ask the average high schooler this question, some of the most common answers will be not making the team, not getting a desired grade, or losing the student government election. These are easy kinds of failure to talk about; they are the most obvious. But you want to show that you understand all the things failure can mean: disappointing someone you love, doing something you know is wrong, giving up when you could’ve persevered. Some kinds of failure are painful to think about, but hiding from painful feelings is exactly what teenagers are expected to do. Be unexpected. Think about the prompt from multiple perspectives and try to make it your own. 2. Don’t write about something lots of kids have done This one might seem obvious, but let’s examine it using another prompt from the current Common App: â€Å"Discuss an accomplishment or event, formal or informal, that marked your transition from childhood to adulthood within your culture, community, or family.† Again, do not write about the most obvious things: graduating to Eagle Scouts, your Bar Mitzvah or your first job (unless you have an amazing twist on those old tales). Even events that may seem less common than the ones above aren’t: thousands of kids each year write essays about their mission trips, their parents’ divorces, and moving to new towns or schools. Maybe it seems like nobody at your school has done it, but that doesn’t mean kids at other schools all over the country aren’t doing it right now. Do a little research, give it some thought, and reach for an essay that will make the admissions counselors think, â€Å"oh, right, that’s the kid who was in the circus for a year.† 3. Don’t write about something that happened to you, write about something you did This one is less about your topic and more about the way you frame it. Let’s examine it using another Common App prompt: â€Å"Describe a place or environment where you are perfectly content. What do you do or experience there, and why is it meaningful to you?† This might seem like an impossible prompt to answer with something you do, and that’s why I chose it. When most people think of the word ‘content,’ they think of relaxing or lounging in a private space. But content actually means â€Å"in a state of peaceful happiness,† or â€Å"satisfied with a certain level of achievement, good fortune, etc., and not wishing for more.† Peaceful, here, doesn’t mean restful: it means untroubled, complete. This state can easily be attained through doing. See, they don’t really care about the place or environment you’re describing. They care about how your answer reflects your personality, maturity, and ability to think and write creatively. Note the question â€Å"What do you do or experience there?† So while a ton of students will answer this prompt with â€Å"my bedroom,† or â€Å"the hammock in the garden,† they’re losing ground by not considering the other varieties of contentment: a strong tennis player practicing forehands, a musician picking out strings for his guitar, a volunteer working with infants in the hospital nursery. Don’t worry about seeming weird or being wrong; the point isn’t to â€Å"do it right,† as it is in so many high school courses. The point is to communicate something unique and deep about yourself. 4. Consider the Bigger Picture The essay is only one part of the college application. Other parts include your GPA, extracurricular activities, and SAT / ACT score. If you're late in junior year or already in senior year though, you don't have too much leverage to increase your GPA and activities those have already been set by your high school career. The only two things you can affect at this point would be the essay, which you should write well, and your SAT / ACT score. Be sure to ensure your SAT score is good enough or ACT score is good enough. If not, seriously consider retaking it, as even a couple of weeks of study can boost your admissions chances a lot. For more information on admissions essays, see these resources: Essay Hell New York Times lesson plan for Common Application essay prep Essay Tips from the Admissions Office at Lewis Clark We at PrepScholar Online SAT Prep aren’t just SAT experts, we’re also admissions experts. If you liked what you read above, subscribe to our blog to the right to keep updated on the information we’re sharing not just with our customers, but with the whole world. Like what you read? Get our free Ebook to SAT prep!

Corporate NGO Partnerships In Developing Countries Essay

Corporate NGO Partnerships In Developing Countries - Essay Example This number in India counts even more which is around 1-2 million and in Russia it is around 277000 (NGO, n.d.). With increasing globalization leading to cross border trade activities and with more and more organizations from one nation venturing in another country Corporate Social Responsibility has become very important for every organization to sustain in long run. Restructuring of the society with efforts being made for the welfare of the state has led to massive growth of NGO s in Western countries. Another reason which has enhanced the rapidity of the growth in NGOs is that the different international bodies in recent times including the World trade Organization were mainly focused on the enrichment of the capitalist society. So it has become utterly essential for the growth of organizations which focus on human causes and developmental issues relating to the general society at large with primary focus on humanitarian activities. One exclusive example focusing on humanitarian a ctivity is â€Å"World Social Forum† which directly opposes the â€Å"World Economic Forum† and mainly controls welfare of the poor and in one sense it is regarded as an aristocratic mode of politics. The paper analyzes whether corporate-NGO partnerships have helped in promoting sustainability in developing nations. History and Growth of NGO Rugendyke (2007), Clark (2003), Teegen (2003) observe that there was huge suport for the movement concerned with the growth of NGO campaign in the Western World in the past. All big personalities, students, model or people from any other profession had a great deal of support for a popular campaign named as â€Å"Make Poverty History†. There had been a great deal of publicity regarding the cause. As per the author in recent times when... This report stresses that all organizations are meant for creating something; for achieving some purpose. In a commercial organization the producers remain under direct manager’s control. In an organization the buyer receives ownership for the payment being made and thereby the relationship between organization and client ends. But the producer is entirely different from the client. This report makes a conclusion that thus from the above discussion on the corporate-NGO partnership it can be said that the NGOs should be given enough space to work. This is because the NGOs have their innovative work culture which is at variance with the traditional working methods. This helps the NGOs to develop policies as per the needs of the society and as per the problem at large afflicting a particular segment. The NGOs work hard and develop new policies meant for the welfare of the society. So it is highly important that the NGOs work out more solutions, go for tie ups with corporate and t hus using their expertise as well as generating the funds needed for the projects to be successful. Moreover they should avoid the words of the critic and work on their own set of standards and rules provided these rules are not against the society. This will help develop NGO activities in the long run and will help increase the number of NGO organizations across the globe which will bring about transformation especially in the less developing nations.

Annual Report Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Annual Report Review - Essay Example The above ratios depict the profitability position of Northern Foods plc for the last two years (2007-2006). K.S.Rao has pointed that â€Å"The profitability ratios measure the overall record of management in producing profits for long term survival or its survival will be threatened † (223). These ratios reveal the comparison of two years 2007 and 2006 and shows corresponding change over the years. Northern Foods Plc gross profit ratio had a decline by about 13% in the year 2007 as compared to that in 2006. The company’s operating profit ratio for the year 2007 i.e., 5.92% is much lower than that in the previous year, which shows a 1% decline in the company’s operating profit. It has slumped by about 1% in 2007 as compared to the year 2006. Though the Company’s sales have increased but the cost of sales comparatively to the year 2006 has increased resulting lower gross profit for the year 2007 as compare to 2006, meanwhile the operating expenses shows a d eclining trend. Northern Foods plc Net profit ratio for the year 2007 displays substantial increase in profitability as compared to 2007 which is 40.7% higher than to year 2006. The difference in operating and net profit margin is due to the lower finance expenses and higher finance income for the year 2007 as compare to previous year 2006. Northern Foods plc ROCE ratio in 2007 exhibits a drastic increase in the company’s profitability by about 47% as when compared to 2006 which was 0.08 %. The ROCE calculation takes into account PBIT and Total assets less current liabilities. In Northern Plc case, the PBIT shows slight increase but due to substantial decrease in current liabilities that resulted better ROCE as compare to previous year 2006. The return on equity shows the extent to which a company generates profit on the funds invested by its shareholders. The company’s ROE ratio suggests a slight

Construction management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Construction management - Essay Example The schedule may specify the specific roles for the unskilled and skilled. For instance, starting time can be set at 7am and ending at 5pm. Similarly, construction manager is required to consider the pay rate of overtime schedule. The major role of the unskilled workers involves preparation of construction material mix, timely. The superintendent is responsible in carrying out the activities as instructed by the construction manager and with the help of the project or center map. The function of the superintendent to perform close examination to ensure that, the laid daily schedule is followed such that, the set down period for the whole construction process can be adhered to. More over, the superintendent ensures that the specified ratio of the materials is followed to the latter. The superintendent, ensures that proper records of equipment is well taken especially when begging the daily schedule and at the end of every day. This practice is endeavored to ensure safety and availabil ity of such equipment as to when and where they are needed in the right condition. Labor situation The concept of labor requires the underlying principle of availability to be embraced. Te superintendent, under the construction manager’s instruction should ensure that, the adequate labor is sustained all through the construction period. The labor schedule depends on the schedule of each day. For instance, less sub supervisors may be required when more work requires the supervisors. The superintendent, who in turn reports to the construction manager, directly does all this labor adjustments with proper consultation of the supervisors. However, in some cases, the superintendent can deny the construction managers’ projected schedule if it appears untenable. A successful completion of this project entirely depended on the cordial and timely coordination of among the supervisors, superintendent and the construction. There should be continuous flow of correct information fro m top to down and vice versa. It should be observed that, the three levels of command have to coordinate all the activities in the site wit all aspects of professionalism and ethics. Construction ethics is necessary follow element because of its fundamental benefits attributed to it. The site and construction ethics ensures smooth coordination and reduced incidents of accidents. Start up considerations At the commencement of the center’s activities, numerous start-up considerations are critical for a good start. Some of these include the operation staff, which includes the management team and the ordinary staff, training of the employees, motivation and general maintenance of the center facilities. The considerations should be carried out with outmost honesty and professionalism, particularly when recruiting the staff to set a pace, which may form the company’s norm. Operations staff The owner of the DMD intends to carry out all the activities involving management recr uitment. These activities include advertisement for various job opportunities. Having been the district human resource manager at the department of Health and sanitation, he has apt experience in recruiting the required team, which will perform assigned duties in tandem with the dynamism in this industry. The center owner will have to select the appropriate

Downsizing and Globalization In the USA and the UK Assignment

Downsizing and Globalization In the USA and the UK - Assignment Example The cost is the international rationalization process, which is currently wreaking havoc in the labor market, particularly in certain parts of Europe. The primary reason for the adoption of downsizing and globalization strategies by firms is to achieve cost-cutting and increase revenue by capturing the global market (Scholte, 2005:132). However, this results in serious implication for the economy of the country of origin, as more workers lose their jobs and plunge into poverty, which significantly reduces the standards of living. The cost is the international rationalization process, which is currently wreaking havoc in the labor market, particularly in certain parts of Europe. The primary reason for the adoption of downsizing and globalization strategies by firms is to achieve cost-cutting and increase revenue by capturing the global market (Scholte, 2005:132). However, this results in serious implication for the economy of the country of origin, as more workers lose their jobs and plunge into poverty, which significantly reduces the standards of living. Reasons for Downsizing In essence, downsizing refers to the planned elimination of jobs or positions. Many corporations and business have used, or are likely to use, the strategy to achieve different goals. In the United States, for instance, approximately 43 million jobs were slashed off between 1979 and 1995. Evidently, this is a significant portion of the workforce (Archibald, 2009:321). Companies adopt downsizing measures due to a number of factors that affect the organizational and work structure, including computerization, consolidations, globalization, and divestment. These factors create a new attitude towards employment, a new workforce, and over and above all, reduced job morale, and security. The prevalent increase in global business has led to more competition in the marketplace (Slaughter and Swagel, 1997). In addition, the increasing rate of technological advancement enables businesses to achieve higher productivity and run their global businesses smoothly.  Often, companies are unable to keep up with the enormous technological advancement introduced into the market every month. The subsequent shift from producing products to providing services often leads to reengineering and downsizing of many companies. Companies employ downsizing strategies in financial attempts to produce larger revenue margins. Holding other factors constant, the fewer the employees a company has, the more productive and efficient the workplace. Conventionally, the remaining workers feel obliged to become more efficient in quality and speed, as well as the significant reduction in the use of company resources (Archibald, 2009:325).

Past exam papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Past exam papers - Essay Example As such, amount of firm effort is determined by market, not an entrepreneur. The market determines the level of effort needed in an enterprise and, therefore, the quality and determination of the person operating a business is affected by the effort observed. If the entrepreneur realizes that putting much effort will result into more output, then they will design a manager contract that requires the manager to be energetic and put more effort. If the effort is not much needed, then the entrepreneur will design the contract, which puts less pressure on the manager. a) Fair insurance has zero net payoff, that is, the total amount of premium, which is paid by the client, is equated to the expected value of compensation that would be received. A full insurance pays compensates the insured with a payment that is equal to the harm which is caused by the risk insured against, that is, it leaves the insured as well off as they would have been if the risk insured against did not occur. b) Full and fair insurance is given only in the event that the insured knows the degree of their risk. Both low and high-risk person knows whether the insurance is fair by comparing the level of their risk with the premium charged and the amount of compensation expected. c) Equilibrium occurs when the insured person and the insurance companies have the same information regarding the risk to be insured. When an insurance company fully understand the extent to which the client is exposed to the risk and the insured understands the extent to which the insurance company will cover him/her if the risk occurs. a) The EUT holds that after satisfaction of certain axioms, the subjected value that is associated with the gamble will be equal to the expected outcome valuation. The independence axiom regards well defined preferences and makes the assumption that when two gambles are

Downsizing and Globalization In the USA and the UK Assignment

Downsizing and Globalization In the USA and the UK - Assignment Example The cost is the international rationalization process, which is currently wreaking havoc in the labor market, particularly in certain parts of Europe. The primary reason for the adoption of downsizing and globalization strategies by firms is to achieve cost-cutting and increase revenue by capturing the global market (Scholte, 2005:132). However, this results in serious implication for the economy of the country of origin, as more workers lose their jobs and plunge into poverty, which significantly reduces the standards of living. The cost is the international rationalization process, which is currently wreaking havoc in the labor market, particularly in certain parts of Europe. The primary reason for the adoption of downsizing and globalization strategies by firms is to achieve cost-cutting and increase revenue by capturing the global market (Scholte, 2005:132). However, this results in serious implication for the economy of the country of origin, as more workers lose their jobs and plunge into poverty, which significantly reduces the standards of living. Reasons for Downsizing In essence, downsizing refers to the planned elimination of jobs or positions. Many corporations and business have used, or are likely to use, the strategy to achieve different goals. In the United States, for instance, approximately 43 million jobs were slashed off between 1979 and 1995. Evidently, this is a significant portion of the workforce (Archibald, 2009:321). Companies adopt downsizing measures due to a number of factors that affect the organizational and work structure, including computerization, consolidations, globalization, and divestment. These factors create a new attitude towards employment, a new workforce, and over and above all, reduced job morale, and security. The prevalent increase in global business has led to more competition in the marketplace (Slaughter and Swagel, 1997). In addition, the increasing rate of technological advancement enables businesses to achieve higher productivity and run their global businesses smoothly.  Often, companies are unable to keep up with the enormous technological advancement introduced into the market every month. The subsequent shift from producing products to providing services often leads to reengineering and downsizing of many companies. Companies employ downsizing strategies in financial attempts to produce larger revenue margins. Holding other factors constant, the fewer the employees a company has, the more productive and efficient the workplace. Conventionally, the remaining workers feel obliged to become more efficient in quality and speed, as well as the significant reduction in the use of company resources (Archibald, 2009:325).

Price Elasticity of Demand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Price Elasticity of Demand - Essay Example With changes in market dynamics, burgeoning population, increasing competition in job markets, and rapid technological changes that out phase odd manual jobs, demand for formal education has skyrocketed over the last decade. This happens as people strive to better their competitiveness in securing formal employment. Placing the  high value on academic certificates as an essential aspect in securing any employment has led to an increased demand for further education across  the  board, which in turn creates high demand for colleges and universities, giving way to the proliferation of many institutions offering bachelor degrees and masters as well. A study on income levels among employees with different academic qualifications reveals that there are wide disparities in salaries of diploma, the  degree, and masters degree holders. Salaries increase with  the  increase in academic qualifications with master’s degree holders earning twice as much as degree holders who i n turn earn twice what high school diploma holders earn on average. Those with no formal education form the bulk of unemployed population across the country, often performing poorly paid manual jobs in homesteads, municipal councils and mining zones among other similar places. Office jobs are a preserve for the highly qualified in  the formal education, especially those with bachelor degrees and above. Management jobs are common with master’s degree holders and those with many certificates in support courses.... Other factors that affect the elasticity of demand include changes in income levels, persistence of price changes, and product demand patterns among others. With changes in market dynamics, burgeoning population, increasing competition in job markets, and rapid technological changes that out phase odd manual jobs, demand for formal education has skyrocketed over the last decade. This happens as people strive to better their competitiveness in securing formal employment. Placing high value on academic certificates as an essential aspect in securing any employment has led to an increased demand for further education across board, which in turn creates high demand for colleges and universities, giving way to the proliferation of many institutions offering bachelor degrees and masters as well. A study on income levels among employees with different academic qualifications reveals that there are wide disparities in salaries of diploma, degree and masters degree holders. Salaries increase with increase in academic qualifications with master’s degree holders earning twice as much as degree holders who in turn earn twice what high school diploma holders earn on average. Those with no formal education form the bulk of unemployed population across the country, often performing poorly paid manual jobs in homesteads, municipal councils and mining zones among other similar places. Office jobs are a preserve for the highly qualified in formal education, especially those with bachelor degrees and above. Management jobs are common with master’s degree holders and those with many certificates in support courses relevant to their field of occupation. This state of affairs places high value

Education Is the Key to a Good and Successful Life Essay Example for Free

Education Is the Key to a Good and Successful Life Essay Getting a good education is one of the foundations of living a good life. Yes of course morals, family, and religion are huge parts of your life, but without a good education youll have a hard time going anywhere but down in this world Im afraid. The word education is misrepresented often though, because it does not always mean reading lots of books and writing tons of papers to get a good grade. No education is learning how to do things the right way at its most basic level, and when you do things right in life you become successful without a doubt. Sure there are those people out there that dont need their high school diplomas, or didnt need college, and thats just great! Theyve been naturally blessed with strong minds and good skills to provide for them in life. But as with most people, life is a learning process and school helps you organize the early years of that process so you can become as efficient and successful as early in life as possible. So if youre thinking about dropping out of high school, then you need to think twice! High school definitely isnt the most exciting place to spend your youth years, thats a fact! But none the less its still important to your life on a huge scale. High school provides you with a general range of knowledge that can be applied through out your entire lifetime. Then in high school you get the chance to branch out a little more and experience a little bit of everything. This helps you to decided maybe what you want to do when you finally do finish high school and begin the next step in your life. After high school though the possibilities grow so much greater for you. College is the general destination for most high school graduates, but it definitely isnt for everyone! Some people will continue to college, pick a major, graduate, and become successful in their field for the rest of their life, and thats just wonderful! But for others, that may not be the best route to take. A lot of people join the military, because its a good life style to live. The military provides a structured way of life as well as a strong paycheck to live by. Army personnel, whether they be officers or ensigns, never go to bed hungry or cold because what they cant provide for themselves the military will provide for them. Granted this does come at a huge cost. You will serve out the time you signed up for, no excuses, as well as you put forth 100% of yourself (including your very own life) to be in our military. Its a good life style to live, but it also has its price. Also another choice of action would be a trade school to become an electrician, plumber, or other manual labour type of job. These jobs though, compared to just mowing lawns, give you a good education in the field and you can earn huge amounts of money because of all the technical knowledge and skill required. This way of living is definitely not for those who dont want to get dirty, or for those who are lazy because it is not an easy way to go! Many people also just live off their own cleverness. They sell products or invent nifty tools that people buy and use. These are special kind of people because they work much harder than the others. These kind of people are the ones who started with almost nothing and become millionaires. They didnt inherit the money, all they did was use the mind in their head to get them ahead in life. So before you blow off education, just remember these things! If you think dropping out of high school is for you then think again because just finish high school and the possibilities open up before you. The military, trade schools, your own cleverness, or even just college are great choices after high school and they all will provide you with the skills and tools needed to become successful in life. So dont brush off education as a waste of time just because its not the most fun thing to do, because even though its not fun its still hugely important to your life. Remember that, just remember that.