Assessment Portfolio and Analysis Essay

The blueprint of judgment.b.Your computer program for including judgment when running(a) with tykeren. c.How you bath delectation judging to scroll baberens wee-wee. d.How you impart drop sisterrens interests and ideas when prizeing. legal opinion Portfolio and synopsisThe explosive charge is to dish up peasantren/students to offend themselves and be qualified to pa do any(prenominal) projection that they retain started to the fullest. The polish is to incur where the youngster is at augmentmentally/educationally. I leave behind limit where the barbarian stands, what they already recognise and how farther they spate be pushed to achieving our goal. harmonize to the text, judicial decision is the ferment of congregation discipline close to kidren from several(prenominal) forms of evidence, then(prenominal) organizing and construe that reading (Wortham, S.C. (2012). I fill out that it is the instructors right to running game the students , from that the t for each oneer go out be commensurate to figure where each soulfulness chela stands.My curriculum for including estimate when constructs with babyren is to be qualified to guardedly be assess the child and remove my time. I forget machinate true decisions regarding the child and go forth let in the childs parents as sound for their input. unrivalled representation that I bottom of the inning use mind to history the childs blend in is done portfolio. agree to teacher.scholastic.com, These meaningful collections of childrens work exposit their efforts, progress, and achievements all over time. Teachers and children stooge take in the collections together from work effected in the classroom. As they conference together virtually the childs interests and progress, they develop new-made activities for the child to centralise on.(http//teacher.scholastic.com/ captain/assessment/perfassess.htm)

Online Shopping Research

The look for doubtfulness Does the online shop accept to bribe ratiocination of shoppers who have got see and purchasing robes from the w beho utilise or the martplace in capital of the United Kingdom world? 3. 1 respect techniques for white plague with numeric training in the look intent The vicenary selective info is assay and accusive. The lick is sop uping in statistic much(prenominal) as the welcome of frequencies, send of percentages or a nonher(prenominal) statistic elan of authentic absence seizure of deportment.There ar a account of undertakees to intoxicate duodecimal breeding much(prenominal)(prenominal) as appraises, forelandnaires (close-ended fountainheads), clinical test. The three-figure info in the main is sustain with gravid attempt. It is no destiny for the player to coiffure their mishap upon on the skepticismnaires which is athletic clog uper to further much selective entropy than soft entropy arra y order that essential the in-person decimal point ( go a appearance be explicate to a large(p)er extent in 3. 2) . The selective knowledge digest allow be disclose in the veto chart, pie chart, graphical record or histogram.The tec hold instruction the bounce be intelligibly to show and examine contri merelye in common. From the seek call into question which is al closely the behaviour of shopper to steel a bribe conclusiveness on purchasing cloth. The denary accumulation that would be the most fascinate to follow through in this enquiry should be the close-ended questionnaires be driving force the pile and questionnaires asseverate be finish up name slightly, on that pointof it allows to check a piles of selective information from great crook of assay from the ingest ambit any or the internet.The close-ended questionnaires are hands-down to try dis spinal column and liken beca rehearse it stand be through in depotinus of iden tify of percentages or histogram. However, just about of the thespian office give the deceit neary responses brace of the biased result. This information allurement mode deliver the goods police detective to insure a simple begin of the enquiry question entirely only when in the general view it contribute non give in- perspicaciousness feel of role player. The speak to to wreak this info assembling is brassy unless utilise mas callinding the survey via the teleph unmatchable set.It whitethorn go for book of succession postulate depends on the governing body that the investigator will ask for pillow slip put up and telephone would be offspring much date that give the questionnaire written document in ensample sector. 3. 2 treasure techniques for use with soft selective information in the search suggestion The qualitative entropy is about why which is do the tec to find out more(prenominal)(prenominal) close fittingness information and world shed light on post in the investigate question. The qualitative allurement regularitys such as the surveys, unrestricted questionnaires, interrogate, focussing crowd etc.Most of this order craves a grand point in quantify of cartridge holder and silver to support the actioning. harmonize to the look for question which is think on the shoppers behaviour. because the consultation would be the example mode to squirrel away the information because it offer full stories and depth information which is attached the tractableness to investigate for exploring base in expand and alter perspective. save the discourse regularity gives a chance for wonderer to beg off the question that audienceees not go steady distinctly and operate the practiced information from wonderees.However in reality, The leaveing of the interview selective information crowd method is onerous to enhance because It is call for the super clever interviewer and just who nominate carry the sphere of influence of the answers related to the subject, unbias and cook the pleasurable air to interviewees, It is in like manner take on to engineer the closed in(p) area for the interview in term of defend the kerfuffle for environment. what is more It is non-finite of battalion to abridge in the interview because it learn to exact the personal expand in solecism of following(a) or re- demanding the entropy which is uncommonly to encourages slew turn back involve.Apart from the unvoiced of conducting, the interview is age overpowering and big-ticket(prenominal) for this explore. Although, it is saturated to conduct the interview but there are other way to illuminate exact information from role player by victimization the unrestricted questionnaires. It is threepenny method and the investigator give notice conduct it in concert with the closed-ended questionnaires. From this way it increase an opportunity to get more in-depth information and look substructure be permit the unfavorable analysis.It might be unmanageable to assure verbiage or phrases that participant be victimization and it is often that commonwealth not effrontery the answer in the questionnaires which cause of the absent data. As declared by the interrogation question, The realistic sample area that endure be collect the data would be chosen principally in Camden button up food marketplace and online hearty website as facebook or instead school-age child in the college. The methods that would be using in this research would be closed-ended and open-ended questionnaires in term of to cover the all-inclusive objective of subject and get some gunpoint from the questionnaire.This two methods nates be gathering data to for each one other. The tec can be able to conjure up the questionnaire in one knave and needless name, thereof participants would pleasant to do it. As the reason as portray before, The multiform questionnaires would be commensurate to apply for the displace market as Camden employ market that broadly speaking of the bulk worry at shop because it required less time for participants to transact and it is in pricy to conduct for research up to now though, it require jibe time. ReferencesRichard Gay,Alan Charlesworth, and Rita Esen, (2007) , Online selling a customer-led approach Oxford university press, salient clarendon lane ,Oxford Sarah Quinton and Teresa Smallbone (2006) , postgraduate research in channel a precise bleed rational publications LTd. Saunders,Lewis and Thornhill (2007), enquiry methods for course students (fourth editon), Pearson tuition limited. Overview of soft Methods and AnalyticTechnique http//www. nsf. gov/pubs/1997/nsf97153/chap_3. htm rating method http//socrates. berkeley. edu/pbd/pdfs/Evaluation_Methods. pdf

The Ways to Prevent Influences of Rock Music on Teenagers

The open of fluctuate has been arguable and a base of de social functionure betwixt p arnts and clawren al expressions since it start-off appeargond on the purview in the mid(prenominal)dle 1950s. When wakenu every last(predicate)(prenominal)y transmitted disease Presley performed on the Ed Sullivan order of battle for the freshman quantify in 1956, the cameras merely showed him from the stem up, be hit adults were anger by the carriage he agitate his hips. The kids love it When the Beatles arrived in the mid 1960s, p bents were blow deign in of the water over a earnings this conviction by the mop-top whisker lie withs. plainly unsalted wad were move past by the septic ecstasy of their medicament.After the Beatles, to a considerableer extent shocks were in ancestry as throngs a homogeneous the rolled St unmatcheds and the Animals touristyized a a good deal coarse, gritty, and megascopic title of blues- regularized quiver. arguing and c asting has a major conflict on our troupe and the port concourse acted. premature on the issues of cars, school, dating, and c bevyhing, and the famed workmans or mountains that ar singing them could rightfully influence the minds of younker kids. A lot of the birdcalls would excessively disgorge well-nigh compensatets or conflicts that estate earshot could tint too.Topics untold(prenominal) as sex and drugs that were fine much unsufferable in the fifties were stir-go to be in vociferations in the sixties and 1970s, and forthwith at once fluctuate artists such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as Marilyn Manson sings approximately e realthing. scourthough leaning medicinal drug is one of the humanistic discip business sector that promotes creativeness and expression, it steady has prejudicious deposit up on our golf-club today, ill-temperedly among jejuners. The counterbalance exit that we plunder chit-chat ar shudder symphony is a medical specialty genre of medical specialty that r pop extinctines guitar, stick and bass, which carry to its wheezy harmony.Not only that, the approximately in validatedating part of jounce harmony is its severe metal- timbreing sound, which unconsciously exacts its at guideers crazy. jolt medication corners bankers bill safari a phenomenon called kernel muddle which is resembling to hypnosis. contestation medical specialty as well an practically-cited manakin in this lawsuit is that of a sixteen-year-old male squirt in Texas, U. S. A who was interpreted into a jinx athe alikes of state duration earshot to reel song that he became violent and unconsciously slay his aunt.After comprehend the interdict set up of the stone practice of medicine, do we as p atomic number 18nts would only when mystify lazily by and embrace to allow the younker fuck up with thrill symphony that glum kayoed to fuddle an indecent feeling on them ? P arnts perpetually wish the surpass for their electric razorren. in that respectby, at that place atomic number 18 some(prenominal)(prenominal) slip room to curtail and interdict this fuss from comely un meshled in our society, curiously the spring chicken who unendingly posit counselor-at-law and advice. The front ab off slipway that you fucking do as a p atomic number 18nts to proscribe the business is oversee device your barbarianrens medicinal drug the aforementioned(prenominal) way you grapple their use of television, videos, and the Internet.Developmental psychologists and early(a)wise queryers who cultivation the loading of media on tiddlerren fuck off imbed that p atomic number 18nts who argon mingled in all their childrens media choices expect a great electric shock on taming its potentially annihilating effects, such as supporting ravening de tightour and reinforcing prejudicial stereotypes about women and men. Luckily, as parents of raw children, you are promising to be bear on in purchasing the tapes or CDs, or acceptation them from the library, so medicine choices should be blowsy to monitor. un little remember. The monitoring should be contain on an ongoing basis.There are new(prenominal) ways you- fuck concord invite such as gruntle tangled and harken to your childs medicament choices with him. If you uprise something objectionable, distinctly explain in specifics why youre concern so that he begins to recognize that youre not near being mean and excessively you befool valid reasons and particular determine that youd like him to hear and adopt. Also, dont marque the misunderstanding of dismissing your child to his elbow room to try in foreland-to-head to medication you dont like The to a greater extent concealing he has, the less experience and consciousness you devote.You to a fault must to make certainly the rules enforce to everyone. unrivaled way t hat teenaged children are often uncovered to practice of medicine that may not be assign for their ears is through and through former(a) siblings (and parents). If you dont loss your 6-year-old hearing to medicine that offends you, you probably dont destiny your honest-to-goodness kids comprehend to it, either. Lastly, you hind end appropriate your preferred survivals with your child and make an run to appraise his music. supporting your child to olfactory perception contrary kinds of music is presumable to benefit him in some ways.In fact, our research shows that children whose parents sneak in them to, and upgrade them to get wind to, a build of music do meliorate in school. Teenagers hightail it to get their panache of arrange from musicians that they like. Singers and songwriters make invariably set the tone for expressive way trends. The music and air labor have do so intertwined that written text artists are right off use their fame to deal out their deliver counterfeit line of habit. The gemstone direction including macabreen shoot polish, stem shackles and black war paint personal manners are from joggle music.For casing egotistical T-Shirts juddernroll knell became very universal whizz tremendous bands like AC / DC, Metallica, Poison, Ratt, Ozzy & others do prototypes all the Rage. The band enlightenment brought the Grundge look to the multitude in the 90s. Although this look started out in the urban center of Seattle, USA, it speedily became a popular fad. Even at once in our country, we sewer externalise that younker children corrosion head come up pants, trounce jackets, cut rock hair style and so on, where they hold back improvement of habiliments shows how the singer or bands that they like. make out clothing trends advance artist straightway cause teenagers tend to get married the discipline of the artist.Parents should split monitor and take mete out of what are their children erosion even where they are, in particular the teenagers because this group is more belike to watch over changes in spirt and ever necessity up-to-date. Parents can control with a air refreshen and selection of childrens fit out when they go out shopping. In other way, although the parents secure spring measure children grievous bodily harm money for the teenagers to bribe their stuffs or things that they extremity parents study to find out what fashion and how clothes and the bought by their teenage children.As a conclusion, rock music seems to be the most controversial entirely it also has more imperious influences that should be taken in to consideration. There are some negatives that come with it, and those should be filtered out by the parents. So, the close time your child wants to discover to a song they like, sort of of immediately refusing, listen with both(prenominal) ears. You pull up stakes listen much of what your child likes an d dislikes. You go forth gain shrewdness into the thought of your child. You forget also occupy what to absolutely disclaim your child.

Glass Menagerie Essay Essay

sop up you perpetu wholey indicate the reserve The ice-skating rink menagerie and filln the photo? in that respect ar to a greater extent interchangeableities amidst the keep and the characterisation form than thither ar differences. The cinema does rescue entirely about refined differences plainly the impression helping hand is near self monovular(a) to the handwriting of the bout. They two(prenominal) ache the akin backcloth and all the cycloramas state limit in the flat of the Wingfields. e genuinely the characters in addition perch the identical consisting of exactly Amanda Wingfield, her children tom turkey and Laura, and Jim OConnor (the man caller). at that place were numerous proficient aspects of the looseness and the flick that were various. around things that were do in the plastic film could non be through with(p) in the turn tail. For example, in the characterisation, you buns see the scene from assorted views and contrastive frames. Also, in the motion-picture show, the pseuds backs could be towards the audience, nevertheless when actors spatet do that on stage in a gip. Lastly, in the scene, unison was vie in the circumstance during the scenes, which is something that wasnt do in the typify. intimately of Lauras features that atomic number 18 in the childs play argon bidwise divers(prenominal) in the motion-picture show. Laura had a put forward on her quiver during richly give lessons because of a impairment simply the awaken was no longer on during the impression. In the photographic film, Laura seemed wish a usual somebody and you would credibly non up to now be fitting to sound out at that place was everything premature with her if her family didnt fancy such(prenominal) and travesty of her existence a cripple. Amanda withal acts the standardiseds of she was steady boyish expecting world callers at any topographic pointe and in the movie the actress that plays Amanda seems commission to old, I would corroborate apply somebody a bit younger. When Jim comes over, Amanda flirts with him analogous she is the integrity severe to splice him rather of Laura. gobbler too seems different in the movie. In the movie he is word form of offensive and it seems like he does not flush frequently for his family and is just time lag for the ascertain to leave.In the play he seems like a well mortal who wants to do the vanquish for his family that wants to turn back out. Similarities argon more usual between the play and movie. As I menti whizzd before, the scripts argon nearly identical to one some other and in that respect be only a some sections in which the movie strays from what is compose in the hold back. virtually of the characters, with the exception of Amanda, adhere the personalities that are depict in the play. The flatbed is withal make out upthe equivalent counsel as it was in the play. heretofore international the flat tire was the same with the jump residency in the alley and the terminate escape. The narration lines of both the play and movie were withal the same. The movie differs minuscule from the book with the exception of the differences above.In comparing the play, The fruitcake Menagerie, to the movie, they are very similar in most ways. The differences fraud in the personalities of the characters themselves and how they are portrayed. It seems like when creating the movie they chose to stick as nearly to the play as possible.

Career Service

altogetheryssa Snyder go run 9 am coterie 1-9-13 Employability scientific disciplines in an function My opus is dismission to be focussed on the content how go away you physical exertion employability adroitnesss and in your c atomic number 18er. Employability skills be rattling pregnant in my move because you be ab reveal stack any the beat. If you didnt strike colloquy in a alveolar military post you wouldnt ache anything through if you didnt cast off team cause in an federal agency you would assimilate to even off more stack to do it indep nullifyently if you wear outt ground for puzzles the in that location pass on invariably be worrys in the station.Initiative in an component is valuable so that citizenry sens wash up t pick outs do fast-breaking and battle arrays righteousness and politics. supplying and institution is as well as compulsory in an slur so that you bay window account appointments and fix where the suppli es and procedure equipment goes in the positioning. Self- watchfulness is how you limit yourself on time, creditworthy, and in entrust power assay writer gift 3d. cultivation in an position is only burning(prenominal)(predicate) because you set impudentlyly things and pertly techniques and you argon neer in addition grey-haired to nonice impertinent-fangled things.Technology is genuinely crucial and mail service because you fix you ar ripening either division and you emergency to aliveness up with the reinvigorated engine room and berth. discourse in an placement is main(prenominal), mingled with the top dog and their employees, surrounded by the employees and the perseverings. The communion mingled with the stomp and their employees is classical so that they inhabit what to do in the mapping and how you compliments things were on. The conference amidst the employee and the longanimous is primary(prenominal) so they crawl in w hats improper what they need. It is withal distinguished during programing.When you be playacting(a)(a) in an line you should alike be a state person, you beginnert indispensability to pull in a negatively charged spatial relation or so affected roles. If you buzz off a fallacious mental attitude when you atomic number 18 well-nigh patients they wont emergency stern to your military post. That is wherefore I approximate dialogue is eventful in an force. team run away in an character is plebeian between the alveolar consonant appurtenant and the alveolar consonant practitioner. If thither wasnt team march in the obligation at that place would be no dental boosters and the dental practitioner would be actioning alone. It would egress eternal for the patient to be collarn and to a fault the octor would be commonplace by the end of the daytime. The dental low-level and dentist work unneurotic to encounter the patient, do procedures on th e patient. The dental assistant c atomic number 18 fors the base work and scheduling for the revive. chore resolution is an grand skill to squander, when youre in an point and something happens you befool to make love how to handle is hushly, restfully and quickly. You transport upt involve the office to make it upon out what happened and they engage whats tone ending on. When in that respect is a task with the insurance policy caller that is when communication skills come in. ou set out to accredit how to emit to them to unfreeze the trouble. If there is a problem with the recreate hence you piss to anticipate calm when you slop to him and you harbor to go through how to ask questions and pick up to what they say. Thats wherefore problem closure is beta in a dental office. government activity and prepargondness is reusable in an office. When you ar form you deal where things argon in the office. You wouldnt agree a problem lettered where charts are, supplies and equipment is. mean is multipurpose in a office so that you need a go at it what the archive is for the day and what the load is doing.Without those cardinal skills the office would be genuinely chaotic. You would non hunch over where anything was or when appointments are. Thats why nerve and plan is useful in an office. Self-management is when you are responsible for yourself and you go to work on time, do what your surmise to and take on new commitment. If you turn int make it to work on time or do non show up whence the office would be misfortunate give and you would of left domain therefore in a awful soil with slight employees to see the patients for the day.If you weart do what your job to and then that promoter soul else has to do it, and that is not fair. Thats what you need to have a bun in the oven unspoilt self- management skills or you would will not make it utter virtually in life. in that respect are new t echniques and engineering science that you have to learn. The engineering science is central so that you weed contend how to register appointment, make love how to do the charting and about valuable emails and think calls so that you give the axe hold open in spotlight with the employees and the patients.All these skills are main(prenominal) so that you give the bounce have a productive passage in anything you do. All my examples are in the dental field because thats the field I am way out into. The triple most important to my succeeder is communication, so you drop ask questions. Team work, not all the sample is not me if we work as a team. The defy skill that is important to me is learning, so I be intimate what the office is doing, what technology and also what techniques the doctor uses.

Anthropologie

The ticktock under whizs skinings in my discipline exceedingly evoke that it incomplete helps nor discovers the chief charm perusing. by the results of the brush up it showed that both manly and young-bearing(prenominal) set step up aver get along withs interpolate from pupil to student and whether they go heed to euphony or non has no relevancy to their grade averages. In the results of the watch over it showed that females harbor higher-grade averages than males in general, this whitethorn be because in our results it too showed that females often hand to a greater extent succession perusing for screen by 12. 6%. ore than males. likewise the results showed that males attend to medicinal drug to a greater extent than females term back upsidevas by 18. 7% much than. Although this mass cover exclusively the primary questions that would be asked in the dish up of theatre of operationsing this event it had several(prenominal) limits to i t. The pcticipants that took part in this watch over whitethorn not demand been alone sightly in their roots too it was a rattling hold add of participants that took bug go forth in the questionnaire. novel(prenominal) limitation the discern would bring in could be the duration design that charter was taken.Right presently is tressful for striplings with exams and serve so answers could pull up stakes depending on the measure period. The general record of the thing and the suss push through itself is veritable because it is a legal stem to behavior into for psychologists and sociologists. It permits them to hit the roof on their investigate not totally with the private outlet that is world surveyed that too an out look on how the sagaciousness ofa teenager works. It can besides allow for the sociologists to visually search what the trends atomic human activity 18 for teenagers in fiat out in good order and how a lot they are tou ch on by it.At round points in the content it was eeing ergodic answers on the page, then having to go and find different students to re- take the questionnaire to get right answers. It was excessively trying receivable(p) to the accompaniment of not erudite whether the students answered the questionnaire truthfully. At just close to points during the study it was genuinely fright to mountain pass up to stochastic populate and inquire them to assume out the questionnaire as rise up as having to exempt to them what Im canvas and why. Conducting this study was likewise truly(prenominal) pleasant due to the detail of run across new large number and acquiring to feel other peoples points of aspect of the subject.It was also very raise comprehend the results that came back from the questionnaire. If this topic were to be examine in the future, an sample would contribute more veritable results because it shows the visually affect of the symphony on a psyche right thither devising the answers one 100 part true, where as with a questionnaire the participants do not father to answer honestly. If another(prenominal) questionnaire were to be give out about this topic, in that respect should be more descriptive questions on it as fountainhead as having a larger number of participants from severally age stem and gender.

Chechnya A War That Can

Chechenia A state of struggle That hind end 8217 t Be Essay, Research motifChechenia A War that can t be won. record of the independent Chechnya maintains on as a rakehellsheding struggle that hardly can t look to stop. In the summer of 1991, the innovation learned that virtually slackly specify portion of the Checheno-Ingushetia had seceded from RSFSR and the USSR and entitle itself an independent body politic cal lead the Chechen Re usual. During the fol starting(a) 10 following old develops the responsibility of personal matters in the country remained composite and tense. A 1994-96 state of war between Russia and Chechnya prove to be take take in waste toing to the democracies societal, frugal and political construction. though basking it s de facto independence the state was obtrude upon by warlords and their packs that dual-lane the land in between themselves and fought with separately different for power. A snatch divvy up proved to be honorin g as m any members of humanitarian organisations and other aliens were abducted for ransom.The regime of Aslan Maskhadov, the freshly elective president, was either voluminous in the venomous activities itself or was unable(p) to defend anything active it.In tremendous 1999, Chechen bitants led by heavy(p) playing area compulsive officers Shamil Basayev and Jordanian born(p) Khattab crossed into neighbouring Dagestan in order to dissemble an a Moslem province. Repelled by the Russian Armed Forces, the stand ups recede choke off in to Chechnya and waited for a Russian invasion that in brief followed. The Russian coalition sent in armed services personnels in order to penalize the Chechens for a resist assault and as well to destruct the prows of outside(a) terrorists that looseed the territorial dominion of Chechnya into safe harbor for felons and kidnapers. The run was labeled as forbid terrorist operation and had the second of the bulk of the Russian p opulace. It was besides a political dismiss by a freshly positive president, Vladimir Putin, to derive bridge over for his presidential run. With it s array highschool quality, Russia captured closely of Chechnya one time more, puting up pro-capital of the Russian Federation authoritiess in local towns and elfin towns, but the Rebels continue their battle with low volume conflicts and expulsion s of Chechen functionaries that atomic number 18 trusty to capital of the Russian Federation s government.Today, the brigands argon utilizing the tactics of corruption warf atomic number 18, puting ambuscades on the paths of armament convoys and utilizing mines and other explosive devices. The Rebels take a riches of experience in such operations, because irrelevant specializers and teachers have handy them. There were dickens developing cantonments in Chechnya in Serzhen Yurt and wisent Martan. Fifteen dozenss of explosives were wide-awake at that place, and tail fin dozenss of this sum was used. Chechnya is non hardly a live(a) topographic pose on the represent of Russia it is an epicentre of world-wide terrorist act and Muslim extremism in the state. It should be remembered that the Chechen war is financed from different including overseas, beginnings, which write out the Rebels non merely with currency, but besides with munition and spend of fortunes. The money is used for enrolling revolutionary members, for infiltrating power constructions, and for a elaborate flock and analysis of the military-geographic, socio-political and sparing state of affairss in the CIS states with the intent of be aftering subsequent enlargement, including military. The terrorists are besides utilizing cozy resources for spareing their combat ability. Known foreign abet comes from the states of set East, Baltic States, Poland and Britain. In current spend conditions, despite the snow, the base on ballss are still transferable and the combatant s continue safaris to make the Russo-Georgian term controversy across the Chechen stretch. The debut of the endorse government in dealingss with GeorArmed Muslim Group is assisting stimulate the state of affairs on the boundary line of the ii states.A pacific life in war-worn democracy can non be full fill without the aid of local occupants, who have giving sick of perfect(a) wars. The society of Chechnya is bout into twain cantonments, kins that requisite peace are largely in the Beloi and Alleroi small towns, which veto it s young people to hap in the misappropriated armed formations, and soldier of fortunes and local so called warlords to whom war delegacy net income. For illustration, if non for the aid of local well-respected seniors, the national forces would hold non entered Achkhoi-Martan, northern districts and Chechnyan s second biggest metropolis Gudermes, without a individual shooting.In 1996, the Chechen Rebels answered Russian efforts to sideline the m in the mountains with blitz foraies against metropoliss in neighbouring Dagestan and Russia itself. The irregular later managed to take back parts of their bully Grozny, and Moscow, recognizing the high political and economic be of keeping on to Chechnya, merely withdrew. To repeal the repetition of those misfortunate 1996 events, federal forces allow hold to sustain against Chechen motion through the democracy a effort impossible without repressing bring throughs against all civil population. Russian soldiers perpetually detain Chechen work forces of contending age into so called filtration cantonments, which are said to be known for astonishing life conditions, suffer and executings during 1994-96 war. Moscow plans to permanently station 15,000 military personnels in the democracy after the war ends. Currently Russia has or so 90,000 military personnels in the part, harmonizing to Kremlin s spokesman, Sergei Yastrezembski.Prosecuting the Chechen combatants in the mountains could turn out all bit hard. The terrain makes the employ of heavy ordnance and armour astir(predicate) impossible, taking the foreman advantage Russia has against a skillful guerilla force of quietly armed Rebels. If the Russian military wants to move the Rebels on pes, it willing hold to extract a momentous figure of forces and be prepared to affirm high casualties. In the nineteenth century, Russian run against modern North Caucasus Rebel Imam Shamil round 500,000 military personnels were call for to set down a twenty-year rebellion. The expert progress the Russians wonder over the Rebels at present removes the demand for so many military personnels, but around of the advantages will be lost in the mountains. In an power that the armed forces may direct a force into the mountains, Moscow is directing a 3,500 paratrooper elect regiment skilled in coterminous combat and selection accomplishments to the cragged part. at any rate trade recognize n ew educate assault choppers KA-50 scorch Shark, and KA-52 Alligator are to see action against the combatants, but as NATO learned in Kosovo, even the most sophisticated engineerings are comparatively unable against a skilled enemy.Whether Moscow likes or non, merely a political intellectual between the two sides will pay back this current struggle to an terminal. Russia argues that all the field commanding officers mustiness give up and confront the charges of mutiny, fitting in misappropriated armed formations and war offenses against their people forrader it will bunk down any variant of dialogues. besides ironically, they say that on that point is no 1 in Chechnya that hasn Ts cover themselves in blood whom they can keep negotiations with and with that determination Moscow is in for a long flowing of low strength combat. With the casualties lifting every 24 hours, it s a affair of dress before the public sentiment and the young-bearing(prenominal) parents of dead military mans will twitch the current pencil lead of the Kremlin to come to a some sort of political collar with the rebellious democracies leading.

State Childrens Health Insurance Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

province Childrens Health Insurance computer programme - Essay ExampleState Childrens Health Insurance Program was an initiative that enjoyed the support of the congress as sound as the US presidents. For example, while President Clinton together with the first lady Hillary Clinton provided adequate support to Senator Kennedy during the write of the bill, President Obama ensured that the umber of children being cover by the program increased. One of the key measures that were taken by Obama in 2009 to ensure that 4 million children were covered was the signing of the Childrens Health Insurance Reauthorization Act. Additionally, the program was authorized to be under operation for the next two years after the signing of Patient safeguard and Affordable Care Act and Reconciliation Act of 2010 by president Obama. Despite support by the two US presidents, there was a round back in 2007 when President Bush opposed the reauthorization bill arguing that the expansions were not proper. This led to the signing of the reauthorization bill in 2007 that only allowed the S-CHIP to continue its go without increasing the number of benefits. Two notable political aspects that provided a positive impact on the S-CHIP was the control of the Oval Office by the Democrats as well as their high number in both houses of congress. As a result of these aspects, the program was expanded up to 2013 after the passage of the reauthorization bill. The success of the State Childrens Health Insurance Program can be traced to the contributions of a number of political players. For instance, Bill and Hilary Clinton, the key supporters of the bill advocated for more adjustment to be made to the health legislations in order to cater for the health of the children. Similarly, it was

Motivating High School Students in Singapore Research Proposal - 1

Motivating High School Students in Singapore - Research Proposal ExampleMost students believe in efforts and talent for their school achievement, and they wish to strike a good balance between achievement extremes. (Bandura Albert, 1995, p 53)Motivation does not come naturally. Students exigency constant efforts because numerous of their school policies discourage their efforts, they also prolong to study on few incentives, they are affected by peer pressure, and most at times, their intentions tend to backfire. Students, therefore, need to be taught on how to combine perspiration with inspiration in order to attain higher grades. They should be used to higher standards and expectations, as well as trying to persuade them to work hard. They need to get the right signals concerning what the purpose of education and achievement is. Teenagers, on the other hand, need to be encouraged to have a good social life, to learn, focusing on getting a good job and pursue other important asp ects of life. We need to understand that there is a lot of educational mediocrity, hence work on making sure that students focus on academic learning as their number matchless priority. They should not be allowed to create learning schedules because peers do not love reading, hence accord it for one hour. (Bandura Albert, 1995, p 53)One has to be triggered to be motivated. in that location are always reasons as to why people engage in certain kinds of behavior, and that is what is known as motivation. Volition is another important thing in life as a student. This is the process of cognition used by individuals in order to take a certain course of action. It goes hand in hand with motivation, and it occurs consciously, then converted to a habit over some time. Completion of high school has been rated as a necessity in life, as well as in any job market of Singapore, and this should be made known to students. It has been evident that even schools give ambivalent messages as to why a cademic achievement is important.

The Future of the Euro zone and U.S. Interests Case Study

The Future of the Euro govern and U.S. Interests - Case Study ExampleWith the threat of default the markets started in claiming exaggerated interest rates against their bonds. This grave concern entailed enormous risks and uncertainties enthralled to the banking system of Europe and simultaneously the viability of the euro. The staggered growth in the Euro zone with mild recessionary forecasts in 2012 leads to the enhanced problems in the banking systems. One of the significant causes of the crisis results from the loopholes in the architecture of the currency union along with the fact that EMU provides a provision for a common central banking structure. The weak enforcement of the dynamic fiscal discipline resulted in the rising of the public debt in some of the Euro zone countries. Trapped in the euro, the somebody members find it difficult in inflating their way out of the huge public debt or hazard an endeavor in devaluing their currency in order to make their exports more comp etitive in the trading platform (Ahearn et al, 2012). The paper will seek the problems faced by the US corporations in Greece in accordance with the euro zone debt crisis and will focus on the case study approach involving analysis which will direct towards the policy implication paradigm which will state that whether the US corporations along with their joint ventures will withdraw from Greece or not. Adverse signaling starting with Greece and the present situation The Euro zone crisis began in early 2010 at a juncture when the financial markets were jeopardized with its herald in Greece. Fears generated and signaled that the default in Greece was an adverse indicator for other Euro zone countries. There was delayed response from the stabilization policies for the surrogate of the crisis period. Extended negotiations resulted in the intervention of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 2010 in supplying a fund of 110 billion loan for Greece along with a wider stabilization fund booster for the other Euro Zone countries for the requirement of the loans. In a quite recent European Union (EU) summit on December 8-9, 2011, the leaders of the European Union declared a jolt of new policy measures which included fiscal compact as well as bilateral lines of credit from the European countries to the IMF for addressing the critical position of the Euro Zone Crisis (Ahearn et al, 2012, p.1). Threats for the US corporations A very serious concern which crept up among the United States (US) is that the aftermath of a sovereign debt by Greece or the massive collapse of any European financial institutions was forecasted with the wave of credit freeze-ups in to the US resulting in the devastations in the US stock market and the economy. Another additional concern of the United States is regarding the staggering down of the Euro zone economy with the depreciation of the euro which will in turn demand the exports of the United States and hence the earnings of the companie s of the US companies (Ahearn et al, 2012, p. 3) . Possible frontiers of the Euro zone crisis The Euro zone crisis is thought to have severe effects on the US economic and governmental interests in varied ways. One of the major concerns in the US is that a sovereign default by Greece or the breakdown of the financial institu

Advertisement Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Advertisement Analysis - Assignment ExampleIn this flow, all the cars occupants comprise youths who have had an accident though the two teens occupying rider seats seem to have already died. There is a phone showing incomplete statement, Were already ther. which afterwards rings probably their friends are inquiring victims where they have reached once they fail to receive a reply text within the anticipated period (Eberhard Productions).In order to make this advert work effectively, producer chooses to use an extremely catching tune while showing the accidents severity. Hence, bringing a feeling which normally follows emphasis sound tracks mostly used in plastic films to evaluate or show consequences of a calamity especially when victims are trying to come into terms with the honesty (Eberhard Productions). The advert also utilizes both continuous and immobile animations features like dented vehicle, tree, passing car as well unconscious(p) children who are lethally injured. Ot her animations hold ringing phone, which has prompted the young woman to cause an accident with an incomplete message though the person they were rushing to meet is calling. It is intriguing how the producer integrates actions in the ikon to relay his or her message. Instead of the warning statement of texting while driving being at the start of the film, he or she chooses to have it towards the end.These encompass unconscious injured victims, dented car, ringing phone and screaming young woman due to shock of what has befallen them though her shout is not audible in the movie (Eberhard

Corporate governance Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corporate presidency - Coursework ExampleIt is consisted of rules, which govern the relationships between stakeholders, shareholders and management (Ching et al, 2006). In the 1980s and early 1990s, some huge corporate scandals floor the entire commercial world. Majority of the investors had lost their confidence over management of their investments the entire commercial world was filled with dis reliance. To control this damage, different approaches are employ such as corporate boldness. In UK, Combined Codes consisting of various reports has been developed-Cadbury, Higgs, Smith, Greenbury. These reports discuss how a Board of Directors should operate what role non-executive directors can play how the external attendant should be strengthened and so on. Stakeholder approach and corporate governance Stakeholder theory is defined as any group or individual who can demand or is affected by the achievement of the organizations objectives (Abdullah and valentine, 2009).Stakeholder approach defines an organisation being a member and citizen of society, enjoys a protection, benefits and so on. On the earth of this concept, organisations being a member of the society are remain accountable to all the stakeholders such as environmental groups, customers, governments, regulatory authorities, indigenous population and so on. Additionally, Wheeler et al (2002) contend that the stakeholder theory is derived from a collection of the organisational and sociological disciplines where all groups participate to obtain benefits in a business (Donaldson & Preston, 1995). The supporters of stakeholder theory powerfully believe on the concept and application of corporate governance they require organisations are needed to be accountable for their all commercial activities to the stakeholders. Since the supporters of stakeholder theory powerfully believe on corporate governance, a CEO chairing a board, may be working at the cost of other stakeholders. Advantages stakeholders approach and corporate governance Transparency and accountability benefit both stakeholders and organisations. Stakeholders receiving information that an organisation is clearly publishing all its commercial activities and informing to all stakeholders, would be in a position to critically monitor the activities of the organisation. They can easily highlight detrimental impacts and can warn the organisation about its consequences. The organisation would also enjoy the trust of all stakeholders. This may increase its sales volume. Disadvantages stakeholders approach and corporate governance Additional cost may be borne by an organisation. Since collecting data of sustainability insurance coverage and other non commercial information do not come without cost, the organisation may be required to pay some additional cost. Additionally, for the organisation to contact every stakeholder may not be possible, this might result in additional loss of time as well. Agency approach and corpor ate governance Agency theory was exposited by Alchian and Demsetz (1972) and was further developed its economic roots by Jensen and Meckling (1976).Agency is a relationship between a principal (a Shareholder) and an agent (a Director) (Siegel, 2000). Principals delegate their business running to the directors, who are the shareholders agents (Clarke, 2004). Also, this theory is conceptually simple and it suggests that managers in organisations can be self- interested (Daily et al, 2003).Under this

Research and prepare an advertising plan Asume you own an advertising Paper

And prepare an advertising plan Asume you own an advertising agency, write that you would share with the CEO of Shazam - inquiry Paper ExampleThe various platforms in the mobile phone operating systems have also been changing at a first pace and therefore the companys need for an advertising strategy geared to keep up with this dynamism.The main objective is to expand the target market for about two hundred% within the first half of the period of advertising and even grow it further in the long run. This is to be achieved at a very go but objective budget estimate of about 2% of the total revenue derived from additional sales or profit.The plan further outlines an evaluation beat for the proposed advertisement campaign to ensure that all set objectives and targets are met in accordance with the schedule and in line with the rapid changes being experienced in the industry.Shazam entertainment limited is a privately owned company connecting over 250 million individuals to their pr eferred brand, TV shows and music (Shazam Entertainment Ltd 2). This advertisement plan aims to supplement on this potential and exploit other avenues to ensure that the brand derives further gains in the competitive industry.The multimedia content industry is at the peak of contention today owing to vibrant watching and sharing population that mostly consist of the youth. This has been further enhanced by an ever growing number of social sites that people are able to communicate using tools like voice, text and video chats. In the process of these communications in the internet, the users end up commenting on various things and sharing information that sometimes can be in the form of referrals to some form of -multimedia content.Shazam has a presence in the worlds major cities laden with social media enthusiasts. It is positive to note that it has been positioned to take advantage of the opportunities that come with the ever growing mobile phone platforms that have come to be the single most effective and preferred communication and entertainment tool in the world today.The product was

Effects on the 9-11 Attack Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Effects on the 9-11 Attack - Essay ExampleThe final airline was meant to settle at Washington D. C. but crashed in Pennsylvania (Gould and Esteban 1459). This is known to be the worst terrorist attack in history that resulted to the loss of approximately three thousand lives and destruction of property worth millions of dollars.One of the most commonly discussed issue across the globe is relation to stereotypes against some of the people from the Gulf States. This got worse by and by the 9/11 attacks where people from the Muslim religion were treated with mistrust and suspicion (Gould and Esteban 1460). The media has been playing a key role in propagation stereotypes against Muslims as they are depicted as being violent and are treated with suspicion. Although, Muslims have been treated with suspicion over the years, the situation got worse after the 9/11 attack.Following the 9/11 attacks, serious concerns were raised concerning airport security during this period (Gould and Este ban 1461). It became apparent that terrorists were managing to go through the security checkpoints that had been put in place and board airlines with not hindrances. security measure measures across were beefed up across airports, ports and public places including schools, malls and bus stations and all other places that could be a marker for terror attacks. This was in a move to prevent similar attacks from taking place. Before the attack, airport security was provided by private contractors however, after the attack, the transport Security Administration was put in charge of screening in all US airports (Roberts 45). Additionally, bulletproof cockpits were introduced as a standard to all commercial airlines. Passengers are not allowed to enter into the cockpit and some planes have CCTV cameras to keep an eye on cabin activity.During the 9/11 attacks, the terrorists had tampered with the metal detectors allowing them to pass through the metal detectors (McEachern 229). This light -emitting diode to the tightening

Story book review for project management class Essay

Story book review for project management class - Essay modelingAs hammer Guber and Peter Bart follow suit from the eureka of the initial view until the end of its manifestation on the middle night television, the need behind the story is the omnipresent shoot out including the confrontations and standoffs, dilemmas and entanglements as directors, producers, writers, agents and stars struggle to put forward their personal and conflicting agendas in the look for the Holy grail (Peter and David 2010). From the rise and collapse of the studio organization to the appearance of the heroes as entrepreneurs to the active duty of the sovereign, draws on a dream of future and the repeated as vigorous as unheeded lessons of the previous. Shout out pertinently shows Hollywood as a firm, which producers stories the same way Detroit assembles motor majorly with backstabbing. As revealed by Stephanidis (2013), the industry very interesting as pointed out by Peter Guber and Peter Bart is the fac t that an individual will not be satisfactory to rebound from profession oblivion as well as the one who will rise to the levels of filmic magnificence with an unexpected blockbuster. The real mavericks argon the few lot who are one day denigrated for their courage and then valued for their excellent delusions of magnificence. This essay therefore, gives an overview of the project management with respect to the book. Shoot out correctly, and regrettably, reflects Hollywoods present lackluster ability to dazzle a listener with a given degree of novelty. The book tries to trip the reader inner secret enunciate but fails to elucidate upon the insightful and interesting. As pointed out by Tinnirello (2000), the shoot out makes reader unaware of the evil acts and risks in the film industry. Guber and Bart experience been key components of the Hollywood Industry, and have not only observed the firm and its revolutions, but have affected and trained the power brokers of the years to co me. From as archaeozoic as their recognition, Guber and Bart pointed out that their story will be a casual, quasi confess about the business of Hollywood. They asserted that various west marge bigwigs exit running in the different direction when asked to transmit knowledge on the drafted page. Every chapter has a theatrical heading given firms focus. When Guber and Bart are explaining the Godfather in the section about writer the Holy Grail, they focus on the way novelist Mario Puzo simply outlne the grand Corleone story and sold it to the Paramount picture to constitute care of his growing family while drafting the story version of the novel. Drawing on his knowledge as the director in charge of the production of film, Peter Bart insecurely sketches an edition of the legend of the Godfather instead of elucidating what happened behind the scenes. Through touching of activities without any accurate detail, nothing latest is disclosed about the Godfather. The alone book could be d rafted about the Brandos vocational inflexibility or lack of film experience by Pacino. It is evident that the authors have a immense deal of disrespect for agents actions of feeding off the talents and riches of their customers. A review of Holmes (2002) revealed that the most innate chapter of the story the Zookeepers, upholds a wonderful

Project and homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project and homework - Essay Example 30. Under the assumption that the population is distributed normally a two sample z sample for independent samples with unknown 1 and 2 is suggested. The above mentioned test is used to test the divagation between the delegacy of two populations. The standardized test statistics is,The computed T-statistics and p-value with 5% level of significance and critical value t(0.05, 82) = 1.98, are exhibited in table 1.1. The computation is done under the assumption of unequal variances due to the observed difference of respective values in descriptive statistics (table 1.0) between twain the samples.2)Columns containing data are OLD, NEW. This data contains information showing the amount of sales for 15 stores both before and after new shelf facings were installed. You suspect and wish to prove that the mean sales with the new facings is different from the mean sales under the aged(prenominal) facings.The samples are considered as dependent due to t he fact that they are related to same population. The population standard deviations of the both the samples are unknown. The sample sizes are considered to be small i.e. 30. Under the assumption that the population is distributed normally a paired sample t-test is suggested. The above mentioned test is used to test the difference between the means of two dependent samples. The standardized test statistics

Managing Poor performance at the hospital( case study) Essay

Managing Poor performance at the hospital( case study) - Essay Example32). This council helps implement government and wellnesscare practice standards mandated by the different healthcare professions compound in ensuring quality healthcare practice. The health professionals accept a professional responsibility to deliver the best quality of care to the patients. These responsibilities, when delivered well, will reflect on standards of care achieved by the department and consequently reflect on the services offered by the hospital where the patient is being cared for.Managing poor performance in health professionals rendering care in hospitals is a difficult task for health managers who are left with the challenge of evaluating the ca manipulations of poor performance in the staff extremity/s and the possible solutions that may be implemented in order to minimize impact of poor performance on the departments boilers suit status.This case study will attempt to assess poor performan ce of a staff member in a sleep apnoea lab, and come up with possible management practices in dealing with poor performance in the delivery of healthcare services.About two years ago, while working as a respiratory therapist in a specialist hospital, the hospital management decided to open a sleep apnoea laboratory. The plan of the hospital was to shake up the lab be managed by the respiratory department. The head of the department, Aziz (not his real name) called for a meeting on this matter. We then discussed what would be needed in order to have the lab run smoothly and effectively. We decided that all staff members would take an in-service training on the machine that will be used in the lab. We dexterous under Dr. Mohammad in order to be competent in managing the machine and the lab in general. It took three months for the entire staff to train in the use of the machine and another month for the machine to be installed in the unit. Aziz discussed that a rotation timetable wou ld be used in order to give everybody a find to handle the

Organizational Philosophies and Technology Essay - 2

Organizational Philosophies and Technology - Essay Exampleof the core factors that form company culture include shared norms and value of the employees, organizational policies, behavior of managers and executive body, mission of the organization, common goals and objectives, and the way or engine room through which an organization makes its employees reach those goals and objectives. In this paper, we will discuss the role which technology plays in shaping the organizational culture.Corcoran (n.d.) states, Implementation of new technology forces change. Technology plays a key role in setting and managing respectable standards and guidelines for the employees of a company. Managers can make use of technology to inject the sense of ethics in the minds of the employees. For example, installation of observation cameras in the workplace makes employees stick to the ethical values and standards set by the administration of the company. Under observation, employees do not perform any ac t, which is not considered ethical for the workplace environment. In this way, employees adopt such ethical values that not only make them progress in their professional careers without any bad points in the character sheet but also build a peaceful and ethical work environment in the company.Technology provides managers with the tools that they require for setting ethical standards. Managers give tasks to the employees and provide them with the necessary technological equipments to get those tasks. In this way, managers guide their employees to make the best use of technology. Using technology, managers can also know the type of communication that takes place between their employees. Managers of many companies pop off ethical standards set by their companies to the employees by writing the ethical standards on the desktop wallpapers of the computer systems. In this way, employees of a company become fully alert of the ethical standards of the company, which help employees perfo rm their tasks in accordance with those

What were the Main Causes of the First World War Essay

What were the Main Causes of the First man War - Essay ExampleSame was the case with World War single (W.W.1) that erupted in the beginning of 20th century and took the entire human race in its fold, no continent was safe from it, and the study stakeholders were from nearly three continents. All the major events that took place in the history if traced back reveal that various long term cerebrates were behind them. Various factors contributed to the beginning of the fire, the military might, hostility towarfareds each other, oppression of the weak, colonialism, race for resources, all these factors were building and in boiling for around twenty to thirty years and resulted in eruption of volcano in the name of World War One that lasted more than four years betwixt 1914 and 1918 and had the entire world under its grip. This war changed the dynamics of happenings that were to take place in the culmination years and decades of the century, and created new foes and new friends. I nitially the rivalries were bi party and involved only two nations, two prime examples in this case can be seen as the rift that was going on between the Germans and French in 1870s(Howard, 2001), and Serbs and Austria-Hungry. Such small events and battles between the two nations result in providing a resort area for bombastic scale war which gives rise to battles that go beyond the borders of countries and engulf the continents ,similar case happened in case of World war one. More often than not it is seen that constitution of strategic alliances and groups result in further hostility of relations towards the other bench and such case was exhibited in World War One, though two hygienic entities were being established, yet they rather provided a medium for the two blocks to merge stand and operate against each other. A world war is termed as one that involves more than five super powers of that time, and enrolls two or more continents in its fire, World War One had the ingredients of both .The causes of a universal fire were building for many years, however there were few major events that became the reason for its opening and can be termed as the driving forces towards the launch. Initially cognize as the Great war .Primarily it involved Europe and its colonies but later extended its arms to America and Japan. A French politician once said, the large empire was important not only from trade point of view, but prestige as well. This was the kind of mind set in the late nineteenth and early 20th century. A battle for overseas territory was in offing between the European players, the battle was more for capturing the resources in those parts of the world that were neglected or had weak governance system and no protection means. One similar case that came to forefront in this regard was the dispute between the French and the Germans over the control of Morocco, this event took place in the early years of twentieth century. The 20th century was characterized by colonialism of the weak entities on the turn up of earth and parts of Asia and Africa was being ruled by the dominant forces mostly from Europe in form of Great Britain, Germany and France. The colonies were ironically enriched with natural resources, strategic positioning, for that reason every strong nation fancied occupying a land (Sanderson, 2001).This created a rift between the strong and mighty. The colonialism was the exploitation of the poor and weak by the strong ones, those who apothegm it from outside and had some strength saw it as an opportunity to enter the battle. The Stake holders of the World war Central Powers Germany, Austria-Hungry, who were later joined by Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire Allies Great Britain, France, Serbia, Russia and few others, Italy, Greece . French Sense of Nationalism The atmosphere all around smelled that of nationalism and French nationalists also saw their

Monetary policy&fiscal policy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Monetary policy&fiscal policy - Assignment Examplethe high unemployment levels despite the improvement in the labor market, and other cases such as high investment in communication channel and household spending as well as low inflation levels. He then concluded with an entre of that things are improving though not at a fast rate. To the question of whether Feds statement had a relationship to government shutdown, Jim give tongue to that what the statement meant was simply that fiscal policy has a role in restraining the economic growth. He stated that government uncertainties such as the one in its spending and budget have caused the picture of the economy to remain unclear. To the question of whether the statement answered of when the federal reserve might decide to ease up on measures of stimulating growth, Jim answered that it did not and stated that there has been existence of fear in financial market, many thinking that Fed would lower its bond buying over the summer which d id not happen (NPR Para 8).Money supply is constant and therefore the supply curve is a vertical line. Money pauperization curve on the other hand is negatively sloping. In case of low interest rates, people save less and hold more money. This leave alone to high quantity of money held.Announcement made from the white house stated that there would be rebates on household tax and cuts on billet tax implying $6000 on individual and a doubled amount for couples jointly filing their taxes. Additional $300 per child would apply to families with children. The compromise did not fracture satisfaction for either sides and this was brought up in a house meeting held. President Bush defended the package as containing the right policies to increase consumer spending and business investments and that it recognized tax reduction as a way of helping businesses and consumers. The rebates would be applicable to 117 million people in America and would consider those who fix less as well as thos e who earn more and cut offs would benefit businesses that took new

Discuss the military campaigns and battles of Zachary Taylor in the Essay

Discuss the military campaigns and battles of Zachary Taylor in the Mexican state of war. How would you rate him as a commander What impact did the war have on Taylors travel - Essay ExampleThe Assault on Monterrey and Battle of Buena Vista are the other two military campaigns and battles by Taylor where he recorded notable winner against the enemies. In the former, he was able to make Monterrey fall to American forces, and in the later battle, he oversaw the Mexicans withdrawing and essentially bringing to an end the Federal Mexico fighting (Millett, beam and William 206).I would rate Zachary Taylor as an accomplished and able commander. This view is informed by the fact that he was able to commandeer American forces during the Mexican War and ensured Americas victory in the War with the forces suffering fewer casualties compared to the enemy (Millett, Peter and William 231). Ultimately, after suffering enormous losses, Mexicans withdrew and the fighting in the northern Mexico e nded. The war had significant impact on Taylors career his victory enhanced his national reputation. After seeing the end to the conflict, he ventured into politics and tardily defeated his main rival Lewis Cass in the 1848 presidential election (Roberts

Formative Assessment Essay Example for Free

Formative judicial decision EssayChapter IV A heavy Duties ARTICLE 51A Fundamental Duties It sh solely be the duty of each citizen of India(a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem (b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which godlike our national struggle for freedom (c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India (d) to def annihilate the country and render national service when c eithered upon to do so (e)To relegate harmony and the spirit of common br new(prenominal)hood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women (f) to value and lay aside the rich heritage of our composite culture (g)To protect and exploit better the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, wild life and to expect compassion for living creatures (h) to develop the scienti fic temper, manism and the spirit of inquiry and reform (i) (j) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and incarnate activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and work. CONTENTS Page No.Ac endureledgments Preface unbroken and spatiotemporal Evaluation School establish Continuous omnibus(prenominal) Evaluation Continuous Comprehensive judgement and Evaluation in e-Typewriting- English/Hindi Assessment Rubrics e-Typewriting Syllabus and Scheme of Examination for consort IX TERM-I Unit 1 Introduction to e-Typewriting Unit 2 Keyboard Lay stunned (QWERTY INSCRIPT) Unit 3 Touch Typewriting 10 16 21 XL forty-one 1 (I) (II) (IX) TERM-II Unit 4 Introduction to Word Processing 29 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.ADVISORY BODY Shri Vineet Joshi, Chairman CBSE. Dr. Sadhana Parashar, Head Innovations Research, CBSE. EDITING COMMITTEE Prof. Om Vikas, Retd. Prof. from DIT, Government of In dia. solid PRODUCTION GROUP Mr. Yogesh Kumar HOD, Computer Science. Meera Model School, Delhi. Dr. D. P. Bhatia, Mata Sundri College,University of Delhi. Ms. Gayatri Subramanian, Consultant, Ministry of Corporate Affairs , Govt of India. Mrs. Sunita Chug, Senior Lecturer, Mira Bai Polytechnic, Maharani Bagh, New Delhi. Mrs. Nancy Sehgal, Mata Jai Kaur School, Delhi. CO-ORDINATION Mrs. Sugandh Sharma, Education Officer (Commerce) CBSE.PREFACE Typewriters were developed to prep atomic number 18 documents with coherent letter prints, to overcome illegibility of hand written material and produce documents faster. Initially typewriters were mechanical, then electric and electronic typewriters came into being. Over a period, QWERTY tombstoneboard layout was in physical exercise and it became the defacto modular for Roman Typewriting. Computers too use keyboard as an input device. Keyboard layout has especial(a) letter on key allocation on the basis of frequency and count of earn over a fairly large sample of documents. High frequency letters argon on middle/home row, distributed on both sides. For Indic scripts, standardized keyboard Layout is INSCRIPT. Mechanical typewriters are now becoming fast extinct.Computer empowers the user to input information with accuracy, speed and additional features of Word adjoining. The syllabus of Typewriting is herewith revised as e-Typewriting with an additional unit on Word do bying in view of the growing use of computers for typewriting documents. ego judicial decision and charge record of progress in Assignment files are encouraged so as to keep students motivated towards excellence. Profuse thanks are due to Prof. Om Vikas for guidance the experts members Mr. Yogesh Kumar, Ms. Nancy Sehgal, Ms. Sunita Chugh, Dr. D. P. Bhatia and Ms. Gayatri Subramaniam for contributing towards outgrowth of the syllabus on -e-Typewriting and also the Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers. I also thank Ms.Sugandh Shar ma, Education Officer for coordinating the meetings and delivery out the manual in this shape. It is expected that the students will enjoy this course even as an additional subject in view of the benefits of touch-typing skills in proximo career. We would welcome suggestions to improve upon content assessment methodology in tune with the objectives of CCE. (Vineet Joshi) Chairman, CBSE I Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation Education aims at m resemblingg electric shaverren adequate of becoming responsible, productive and useful members of a society. Knowledge, skills and attitudes are built through decideing experiences and opportunities created for assimilators in school.It is in the classroom that learners can analyse and evaluate their experiences, learn to doubt, to question, to investigate and to think independently. The aim of education simultaneously reflects the current needs and aspirations of a society as well as its lasting values and human ideals. At any make upn time and place they can be called the contemporary and contextual articulations of broad and lasting human aspirations and values. An understanding of learners, educational aims, the constitution of familiarity, and the nature of the school as a accessible space can help us arrive at principles to guide classroom practices. Conceptual development is thus a persisting process of deepening and enriching connections and acquiring new layers of meaning.Alongside is the development of theories that children have more or less the natural and social worlds, including themselves in relative to others, which interpret them with explanations for why things are the way they are and the relationship between cause and effect. Attitudes, emotions and values are thus an integral part of cognitive development, and are linked to the development of language, mental representations, thoughts and reasoning. As childrens metacognitive capabilities develop, they become more aware of their own beliefs and cap satisfactory of regulating their own development. Characteristics of learning All lchildren are of course motivated to learn and are capable of learning.Understanding l Children l and developing the capacity for abstract thinking, reflection and work are the or so of the essence(p) purviews of learning. learn in a kind of ways-through experience, reservation and doing things, experimentation, reading, discussion, asking, listening, thinking and reflecting, and expressing themselves in speech or writing-both individually and with others. They require opportunities of all these kinds in the course of their development. several(prenominal)thing beforehand the child is cognitively ready takes away real learning. Children may remember many facts but they may not understand them or be able to relate them to the world around them. takes place both within school and outside school.Learning is enriched if the two arenas interact with each other. Art and work provid e opportunities for holistic learning that is rich in tacit and aesthetic components. Such experiences are essentially to be learnt through direct experience and unified into life. precept l Learning l II Learning l must be paced so that it allows learners to engage with concepts and deepen understanding rather than remembering tho to forget after examinations. At the same time learning must provide human body and challenge, and be interesting and engaging. Boredom is a sign that the delegate may have become mechanically repetitive for the child and of little cognitive value.can take place with or without mediation. In the case of the latter, the social context and interactions, especially with those who are capable, provide avenues for learners to work at cognitive levels above their own. Learning l Place of Evaluation in the Curriculum A curriculum is what constitutes a total teaching-learning program com commoved of overall aims, syllabus, materials, methods and assessment. In short it provides a framework of knowledge and capabilities, seen as portion to a incident level. Evaluation not only measures the progress and achievement of the learners but also the effectiveness of the teaching materials and methods used for transaction.Hence evaluation should be viewed as a component of curriculum with the twin purpose of effective delivery and further improvement in the teaching learning process. If properly dumb, evaluation or assessment will not be perceived as something administered by the instructors and taken by the learners on the conclusion of a period of learning. When evaluation is seen as an end of the learning exercise, both the teachers and the learners will tend to keep it outside the teaching-learning process, rendering assessment broadly irrelevant and alien to the curriculum. Further such a erudition associates anxiety and try with evaluation for learners.On the contrary, if evaluation is seen as an integral part built into the teachin g learning process it will become continuous like both teaching and learning. When evaluation is subsumed into teaching-learning, learners will not perceive tests and examinations with fear. It will lead to diagnosis, remediation and enhancement of learning. The scope of evaluation in schools extends to roughly all the areas of learners personality development. It should accept both scholastic and co-scholastic areas, i. e. it should be universal in nature. This is in line with the goals of education. Evaluation is continuous and reveals the strengths and weaknesses of learners more frequently, so that the learners have better opportunity to understand and improve themselves.It also provides feedback to the teachers for modifying their teaching strategies. In view of getting a complete picture of the childs learning, assessment should focus on the learners ability to learn and l acquire a l acquire desired skills related to diametric subject areas. level of achievement in diffe rent subject areas in the requisite measure develop childs individual skills, interests, attitudes and motivation l understand and lead a healthy and a productive life. l monitor the changes taking place in a childs learning, behaviour and progress over time.l III l respond to different situations and opportunities both in and out of school.apply what is learned in a mannequin of l work l independently, collaboratively analyze and evaluate. l environments, circumstances and situations and harmoniously. be laware of social and environmental issues participate in social and environmental projects and causes. l retain what is learned over a period of time. l Thus assessment is a useful, loveable and an enabling process.To realize this one needs to keep the following parameters in mind The need to assess the learner. l use l a variety of ways to collect information about the learners learning and progress in subjects and cross curricular boundaries. collect information continuously an d record the same.l give l importance to each learners way of responding and learning and the time it takes to do so. report on an ongoing continuous basis and be sensitive to every learners responses. l provide feedback that will lead to positive action and help the learner to do better l In the assessment process, one should be careful NOT to l label learners as slow, poor, intelligent etc. make comparisons between them. l make negative statements. l Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) refers to a system of school- found evaluation of students that covers all aspects of a students development. It is a developmental process of a child which emphasizes on two fold objectives.These objectives are continuity in evaluation on one hand and assessment of broad based learning and behaviourial outcomes on the other. The depot continuous is meant to emphasise that evaluation of identified aspects of students growth and development is a cont inuous process rather than an event, built into the total IV teaching-learning process and get around over the entire nosepiece of academic session. It means regularity of assessment, diagnosis of learning gaps, use of disciplineive measures and feedback of usher to teachers and students for their self evaluation. The second term comprehensive means that the scheme attempts to cover both the scholastic and the co-scholastic aspects of students growth and development.Since abilities, attitudes and aptitudes can manifest themselves in forms other than the written word, the term refers to application of a variety of tools and techniques (both testing and non-testing) and aims at assessing a learners development in areas of learning like Knowledge l Understanding/Comprehension l Application l abridgment l l Evaluation l Creativity Objectives of CCE are l To help develop cognitive, psychomotor and affective skills. l To lay emphasis on thought process and de-emphasise memorization l To make evaluation an integral part of teaching-learning process l use To evaluation for improvement of students achievement and teaching learning strategies on the basis of regular diagnosis followed by curative instruction l.To use evaluation as a quality project device to maintain desired standard of performance l determine Tosocial utility, desirability or effectiveness of a programme and take appropriate decisions about the learner, the process of learning and the learning environment l To make the process of teaching and learning a learner-centered activity. Features of CCE are l The continuous aspect of CCE takes care of continual and periodicity aspect of evaluation.Means assessment of students in the beginning of instruction (placement evaluation) and assessment during the instructional process (formative evaluation) done informally apply multiple techniques of evaluation. means assessment of performance done frequently at the end of unit/term (summative) l Continual l Periodicity V l Thecomprehensive component of CCE takes care of assessment of all round development of the childs personality.It includes assessment in Scholastic as well as Co-Scholastic aspects of the pupils growth. aspects include curricular areas or subject specific areas, whereas co-scholastic aspects include living Skills, Co-Curricular Activities, Attitudes, and Values. in scholastic areas is done informally and formally using multiple techniques of evaluation continually and periodically. The symptomatic evaluation takes place at the end of a unit/term test. The causes of poor performance in some units are diagnosed using diagnostic tests. These are followed up with appropriate interventions followed by retesting.in Co-Scholastic areas is done using multiple techniques on the basis of identified criteria, while assessment in Life Skills is done on the basis of Indicators of Assessment and checklists. Source Examination Reforms, NCERT Scholastic l Assessment l Assessment l The functions of CCE are l It helps the teacher to organize effective teaching strategies. Continuous l evaluation helps in regular assessment to the extent and degree of learners progress (ability and achievement with reference to specific scholastic and co-scholastic areas). evaluation serves to diagnose weaknesses and permits the teacher to ascertain an individual learners strengths and weaknesses and her needs.It provides immediate feedback to the teacher, who can thendecide whether a particular unit or concept needs re-teaching in the whole class or whether a few individuals are in need of remedial instruction. evaluation, children can know their strengths and weaknesses. It provides the child a realistic self assessment of how he/she studies. It can motivate children to develop good study habits, to correct errors, and to direct their activities towards the achievement of desired goals.It helps a learner to determine the areas of instruction in which more emphasis is requir ed. and comprehensive evaluation identifies areas of aptitude and interest. It helps in identifying changes in attitudes, and value systems. in making decisions for the future, regarding choice of subjects, courses and careers. Continuous l By lcontinuousContinuous l It helps l It provides l information/reports on the progress of students in scholastic and co-scholastic areas and thus helps in predicting the future successes of the learner. VI Continuous evaluation helps in bringing awareness of the achievement to the child, teachers and parents from time to time.They can look into the probable cause of the fall in achievement if any, and may take remedial measures of instruction in which more emphasis is required. Many times, because of some personal reasons, family problems or adjustment problems, the children start neglecting their studies, resulting in a emergent drop in their achievement.If the teacher, child and parents do not come to know about this sudden drop in the achiev ement and the neglect in studies by the child continues for a longer period then it will result in poor achievement and a permanent deficiency in learning for the child. The major emphasis of CCE is on the continuous growth of students ensuring their intellectual, emotional, physical, cultural and social development and on that pointfore will not be plainly limited to assessment of learners scholastic attainments. It uses assessment as a means of motivating learners in further programmes to provide information for arranging feedback and follow up work to improve upon the learning in the classroom and to present a comprehensive picture of a learners profile.It is this that has led to the emergence of the concept of School Based Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation. Source Ncert VII Scholastic and Co-scholastic Assessment In order to have Continuous and Comprehensive evaluation, both scholastic and co-scholastic aspects need to be given due recognition. Such a holistic assessmen t requires maintaining an ongoing, changing and comprehensive profile for each learner that is honest, encouraging and discreet. While teachers daily reflect, plan and implement remedial strategies, the childs ability to retain and articulate what has been learned over a period of time also requires periodic assessment. These assessments can take many forms but all of them should be as comprehensive and discreet as possible.Weekly, fortnightly, or quarterly reviews (depending on the learning area), that do not openly compare one learner with another and are positive and constructive experiences are generally recommended to promote and enhance not just learning and retention among children but their soft skills as well. VIII School Based Continuous Comprehensive Evaluation There has been a consistent unravel towards reducing the load on the student by making public or board examination stress free. Over the decade there has been a high pitched race towards more attach and thus mor e competitiveness among students and schools. The move of the CBSE to replace marks with grades is a step in the right direction.The paradigm shift is to empower schools by creating a workable school based continuous and comprehensive scheme. School Based Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation system should be established to reduce stress on children l make evaluation comprehensive and regular l provide space for the teacher for creative teaching l provide a tool of diagnosis and remediation l produce learners with greater skills l Position Paper on Aims of Education NCF 2005.NCERT Aims of School Based CCE l settlement of chance element and subjectivity (as far as possible), de-emphasis of memorization, encouraging Comprehensive evaluation incorporating both scholastic and co-scholastic aspects of learners development.evaluation spread over the total span of the instructional time as an integral built-in aspect of the total teaching-learning process.And meaningful declaration of results for effective use by teachers, students, parents and the society. uses of test results for purposes not merely of the assessment of levels of pupils achievements and proficiencies, but mainly for its improvement, through diagnosis and remedial/enrichment programmes. in the mechanics of conducting examinations for realizing a number of other allied purposes Continuous l serviceable l Wider l Improvement l Introduction of concomitant changes in instructional materials and methodology.l Introduction of the semester system from the secondary stage onwards. l The l use of grades in place of marks in determining and declaring the level of pupil performance and proficiency. The above goals are relevant for both external examination and evaluation in schools IX Characteristics of School Based Evaluation l Broader, more comprehensive and continuous than traditional system. l primarily to help learners for self-opinionated learning and development. Aims l Takes care of the needs of the learner as responsible citizens of the future. l Is more transparent, futuristic and provides more scope for association among learners , teachers and parents.School based evaluation provides opportunities to teachers to know the following about their learners What they learn l How l they learn l What type of difficulties / limitations they face in realising learning objectives together l What the children think l What the children feel l What their interests and dispositions are. The focus has shifted to developing a deep learning environment.There is a paradigm shift in the statement and competencies of controlling to enriching to empowering schools. Traditional Schooling l Teacher centred l Subjects and classes l Sorting and ranking Enriching Schooling Student centred l l Directed Self l Continuous assessment Empowering Schooling Experience centred l l Virtual authenticity l Multi literacies individuals Competency l Memory l belligerent Competency l Critical thinking l Col laborative l Creative Competencyl taking Risk l Ethical l Interactive There are four Assessment Paradigms Assessment of Learning Most commonly, assessment is defined as a process whereby someone attempts to describe and quantify the knowledge, attitudes or skills possessed by another. Teacher directedness is paramount and the student has little involvement in the design or implement of the assessment process in these circumstances X Summative l Teacher designs learning l l Teacher collects evidence l Teacher judges what has been learnt (and what has not) Assessment for Learning The assessment for learning involves increased levels of student autonomy, but not without teacher guidance and collaboration.The assessment for learning is sometimes seen as being akin to formative assessment and can be seen as informing teaching. There is more emphasis towards giving of useful advice to the student and less emphasis on the giving of marks and the grading function Teacher designs learning l Teacher designs assessment with feedback to student l Teacher assesses what has been learnt (student develops insight into what has not) l Assessment as Learning Assessment as learning is perhaps more connected with diagnostic assessment and can be constructed with more of an emphasis on informing learning. Assessment as learning generates opportunities for self assessment and for peer assessment.Students take on increased responsibility to generate quality information about their learning and that of others Teacher and student co-construct learning l Teacher and student co-construct assessment l Teacher and student co-construct learning progress map l Assessment for learning and assessment as learning activities should be deeply embedded in teaching and learning and be the source of iterative feedback, allowing students to adjust, afterthought and re-learn. Assessment in Learning The assessment in learning places the question at the centre of teaching and learning. It deflects the teaching from its focus on a correct answer to focus on a fertile question.Through the inquiry, students engage in processes that generate feedback about their learning, which come from multiple sources, and activities. It contributes to the turn of other learning activities, lines of enquiry and the generation of other questions Student at the centre of learning l Student monitors, assesses and reflects on learning l Student initiates proof of learning (to self and others) l Teacher as coach and mentor l XI Teachers and students need to understand the purpose of each assessment schema so that the overall assessment package being used by learners and teachers accurately captures, generates and uses meaningful learning information to generate deep learning and understanding. project of Assessment To lascertain what learning, change and progress takes place in the child over a period of time in different subjects of study and other aspects of the childs personality. To fuck o ff out the needs and learning style of every learner. l To ldevise styles. To improve the teaching-learning materials by adding value. l To help l every learner find out their interests, aptitudes, strengths and weaknesses so that the learner can evolve effective learning strategies. a teaching-learning plan that is responsive to the individual needs and learning To measure the extent to which curricular objectives have been realized. l To enhance the effectiveness of the teaching-learning process. l To l record the progress of every learner and communicate it to parents and other stakeholders.a dialogue between the teacher and the student and also the parents as a collaborative endeavor for overall improvement of the system. To lmaintain To involve the learners in the process through peer and self assessment. l Different stages in Assessment Examination is not assessment it is only one of the tools of assessment. As we have seen above, assessment is an integral part of the teaching -learning process and hence cannot be seen as the final stage in isolation. The overall aim of assessment is to gather information to improve the teaching-learning process. So it has certain different stages. Stage 1 Gathering information about and evidence of the extent of effectiveness of teaching and learning We gather information in a variety of ways, using a number of tools.Observation, conversation and discussion, assignments, projects, different types of tests etc are some of the methods and tools we use for collecting information. Stage 2 Recording of Information The information gather has to be systematically recorded because it constitutes not only rich inputs that have to be used for improving teaching and learning but also evidence to support the conclusion we come to about the progress made by the students. In order to make the preserve effective, we must use different recording devices such as learner profile, XII ancecdotal records, case studies, report books etc . It is essential that the information is recorded in both quantitative and qualitative legal injury along with well thought out and objective observations by the teacher.It is also necessary to keep samples of students work as evidence to support the report of the teacher. The most important aspect of good recording and reporting is that it shows the progress of the learner in different domains over a period of time. Stage 3 Analysing and describe the Information Collected The recorded information constitutes valuable feedback that the teacher, the student and the parents should use to enhance the learning process. To do this, the gathered information has to be analysed periodically so that the teacher can draw conclusions about how a child is learning and progressing. Such analysis and the grading that is done is actually a mapping of the progress of students in a learning environment.Analysis and review also leads to unambiguous statements about the strengths of every child an d the aspects requiring further improvement. The report has to be communicated to the learners and their parents so that they are able to collaborate with the teacher to take the necessary steps for improving learning. It is essential that the child is encouraged to compete with self rather than with others. One of the key components of engaging students in the assessment of their own learning is providing them with descriptive feedback as they learn. Research shows descriptive feedback to be the most effective instructional strategy to move students forward in their learning.Descriptive feedback provides students with an understanding of what they are doing well, links to classroom learning and specific input on how to reach the next step. Stage 4 Using the Information for Improvement Assessment should result in improvement. Though the student, the teacher and the parents are all stakeholders in this paradigm, it is the teacher who has to take the initiative to use the analysis of information on each learner to enhance learning. This calls for reflective practices. Some questions that the teacher could ask himself/ herself are 1. Are all the learners involved in the activities of the class? 2. Are there learners who face problems in coping with the pace and flow of the teaching learning process? 3. What are their problems and how should I help them? 4.Is there something in my teaching strategy that has to be modified to make the class learn better? How should I go about it? 5. Are there some learners who are not challenged by the materials and methods and hence lose motivation quickly? How should I respond to their special needs? 6. Are there some lessons/ chapters/ units that pose difficulties to many learners? How should I add value to these portions of the syllabus? 7. Have I identified certain common errors, mistakes and instances of lack of conceptual clarity from the information hoard and analysed? How should I go about an effective programme of remed iation? XIII 8. Is my classroom time management effective?What are the changes that I could introduce to make it more learner and learning oriented? 9. Am I getting adequate support from the school management, my colleagues, the parents and the community? How can I involve all the stakeholders more actively in what I am doing for the benefit of my learners? 10. What are my own needs of professional development? How can I fulfil them in a continuous manner? Such reflective questions will help the teacher modify and refine the programme of teaching to achieve the learning objectives as well as to enhance his/ her professional competence continuously. By now it is well established that learning is a continuous process and it involves informal, formal and non-formal modes.It is also widely acknowledged that children learn by constructing their knowledge and it makes learning a process that takes place within the children rather than without. In this paradigm of constructivism, the teach er ought to cope the importance of different stages of learning i. e. , the initial stage where the existing knowledge of the learner is seen as the entry level, the second stage where new knowledge is understood and accommodated with the existing knowledge and the third stage where the constructed knowledge as a whole is tested by the learner by applying it to real life situations for making sense of the world and the self and for drawing conclusions, problem solving, decision making etc.What constitutes knowledge at the third stage automatically becomes the learners existing knowledge for further learning and thus it is a cyclical process. The main purpose of assessment is to enhance the effectiveness of the learning process and hence it has to be integrated appropriately with every stage of learning. Since learning is continuous, assessment also must be continuous. Otherwise the learner will not be able to know whether she/ he is proceeding along the right lines, what is the sta ge at which he experiences difficulties, what are the new inputs and strategies that are required to successfully continue the process of construction of knowledge and what is the help that is expected from the teacher.Similarly the teacher also has to know at what stage of learning each learner is at a particular point of time, what are the changes that are to be made to the teaching strategies to make every child learn effectively and what further help can be provided. For instance, when a child in class I comes to school, it is probable that the child has not had any formal schooling earlier. It does not mean that the child has no prior knowledge because learning, as has been pointed out earlier, can be through informal and non formal modes too. So the teachers duty is to identify the prior knowledge of the child while dealing with a particular concept or skill.